Disease relevance of Ambystoma

• Effects of atrazine and iridovirus infection on survival and life-history traits of the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) [1].
• Acute toxicity of beryllium sulfate to salamander larvae (Ambystoma spp) [2].
• In the amphibian Ambystoma mexicanum, valproic acid (VPA) causes retarded development and malformations including neural tube defects [3].

High impact information on Ambystoma

• Cyclic GMP introduced from tight-seal pipettes into isolated cones of the larval tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, rapidly increases light-modulated membrane current more than 10-fold [4].
• Thyroxine injected into the hypothalamus of neotenic Ambystoma tigrinum induces metamorphosis by activating hypothalamo-hypophysial stimulatory control of thyroid activity, thereby removing the hypothalamic block to metamorphosis [5].
• Studies of muscle proteins in embryonic myocardial cells of cardiac lethal mutant mexican axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) by use of heavy meromyosin binding and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [6].
• After visual-pigment bleaching, single isolated rod photoreceptors of Ambystoma tigrinum recover their sensitivity to light when supplied with 11-cis-retinal from liposomes or with 11-cis-retinal bound to interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein [7].
• Immunoelectron microscopic localization of the electrogenic Na/HCO(3) cotransporter in rat and ambystoma kidney [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ambystoma

• Toxicity of nitrite to larvae of the salamander Ambystoma texanum [9].
• Acute toxicity of some hydrazine compounds to salamander larvae, Ambystoma spp [10].

Biological context of Ambystoma

• Cloning and modeling of CD8 beta in the amphibian ambystoma Mexicanum. Evolutionary conserved structures for interactions with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules [11].
• Spermatogenesis in larval Ambystoma tigrinum: positive and negative interactions in FSH and testosterone [12].
• Testosterone, estrogen binding protein in sexually mature larvae of Ambystoma tigrinum [13].
• Interrenal function in larval Ambystoma tigrinum. II. Control of aldosterone secretion and electrolyte balance by ACTH [14].
• The effects of the insecticides Guthion (technical grade) and Guthion 2S (commercial formulation) on survival and growth of tadpoles of the Pacific treefrog Pseudacris regilla, and larvae of the Northwestern salamander Ambystoma gracile and the spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum were determined in continuous-flow exposures in the laboratory [15].

Anatomical context of Ambystoma

• Electrogenic uptake of glutamate and aspartate into glial cells isolated from the salamander (Ambystoma) retina [16].
• To test this notion, we applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists and antagonists to isolated, perfused retinas of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum while recording intracellularly from bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and photoreceptors [17].
• An immunohistochemical study of opioid peptides in the hypophysis of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, was carried out with antisera against leu-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, and dynorphin A (1-8) [18].
• 1. The effects of external divalent cations on odor-dependent, cyclic AMP-activated single-channel currents from olfactory receptor neurons of the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) were studied in inside-out membrane patches taken from dendritic regions of freshly isolated sensory cells [19].
• The mechanisms underlying the conversion of prolonged glutamate release from ribbon synapses in bipolar cells to sustained and transient excitatory postsynaptic responses in identified retinal amacrine cells were studied in tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) retina [20].

Associations of Ambystoma with chemical compounds

• Rods of Ambystoma tigrinum held in a suction electrode were jumped into a stream of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 0.01-1 mM [21].
• Vitellogenin synthesis and characterisation of the liver estrogen receptor in the neotenous salamander Ambystoma mexicanum [22].
• In a related species, Ambystoma mexicanum, in which no spontaneous external metamorphosis occurs under standard conditions, the serum T4 level was shown to remain low [23].
• Since chick wing buds have been shown to have a higher concentration of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) in the posterior region than in the anterior region, we set out to look for a gradient of RA in the regenerating limb of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum [24].
• The hydrolysis-resistant GTP analogue GTP-gamma-S was introduced into rods isolated from the retina of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum to study the origin of the persistent excitation induced by intense bleaching illumination [25].

Gene context of Ambystoma

• The results of these studies indicate that the characteristics of renal PRL receptors of Pseudemys, Ambystoma, and Rana are similar to those of lactogenic receptors throughout the vertebrates [26].
• Molecular cloning from neurulating Ambystoma mexicanum embryos of the cDNA encoding an orphan nuclear receptor (aDOR1) closely related to TR2-11 [27].
• We isolated from neurulating Xenopus laevis (X. laevis) embryos a cDNA encoding a novel nuclear orphan receptor, Developmental Orphan Receptor 2 (xDOR2), closely related to Ambystoma mexicanum DORI (aDOR1) and to Testicular Receptor-2 (TR2) orphan receptor family members [28].
• We cloned and characterized the ISL2 and LHX2 LIM-homeodomain transcription factors of the Mexican salamander, or axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum [29].
• Effects of prolactin, growth hormone, and triiodothyronine on prolactin receptors in larval and adult tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ambystoma

• We have used pH-, Na-, and Cl-sensitive microelectrodes to study basolateral HCO3- transport in isolated, perfused proximal tubules of the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum [31].
• Interestingly, by RT-PCR analysis we observed a high expression levels of TRalpha in gills, intestine, and muscles of Necturus as well as in the liver of Ambystoma mexicanum, whereas TRbeta expression was only detected in Ambystoma mexicanum but not in Necturus [32].
• An antiserum against NIH-TSH-B7 (purified as is NIH-TSH-B8), absorbed with bovine lutropin preparation NIH-LH-B9, cross-reacts with bovine retinal glycoprotein extracts in immunodiffusion tests, and with retinal photoreceptor cells of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), as evidenced by immunofluorescence [33].
• In an isolated vestibular organ preparation from the axolotl (Ambystoma tigrinum), glycine (10-0.01 microM) perfusion had no effect in the resting control condition, but significantly modified the response of afferent fibres to mechanical stimuli, producing a slowly increasing discharge rate during sinusoidal mechanical stimulation periods [34].
• This immunofluorescence study aims to clarify the appearance and localization of VIP, PACAP and NOS in the gastro-intestinal tract of the Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, during ontogeny [35].

References