Disease relevance of Urban Population

• The unit serves an urban population that is predominantly African-American; 85% of patients have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) [1].
• RESULTS: Hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, overall obesity, and smoking were significantly more prevalent in the urban population, whereas central obesity was more prevalent in the rural population [2].
• Organophosphate pesticides are a major source of occupational exposure in the United States. Moreover, malathion has been sprayed over major urban populations in an effort to control mosquitoes carrying West Nile virus [3].
• In a recent survey of trimethoprim resistance, 357 Gram-negative aerobic organisms were isolated from healthy volunteers from rural and urban populations in South Africa. Trimethoprim resistance did not transfer to an Escherichia coli J62-2 recipient strain by conjugation in a liquid mating in 161 (45.1%) of the isolates [4].
• The "Heart of Soweto Study" will systematically investigate the emergence of heart disease (HD) in a large urban population in South Africa. METHODS: Part of the conurbation of Johannesburg, South Africa, Soweto is a predominantly Black African community of 1 million individuals [5].

High impact information on Urban Population

• New molecular forms of human liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.1) have recently been identified in 16% of the liver specimens from an urban population from Indianapolis, Indiana [Bosron, W. F., Li, T.-K. & Vallee, B. L. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 91, 1549-1555] [6].
• Rising prevalence of NIDDM in an urban population in India [7].
• From an urban population (n = 9,033) of 47-49-year-old males, 6,956 participated in a multiphase screening programme, of whom 1.5% were already registered as diabetic patients, 1.7% were then found to be diabetic; of 6,325 subjects given oral glucose tolerance tests, 6.6% were found to have impaired glucose tolerance (WHO criteria, 1985) [8].
• Allelic frequencies in 70 controls and 110 patients with diabetes from the Chennai Urban Population Study were 52.9% for FABP2 Thr54, 73.0% for APOC3 -482T, and 80.2% for APOC3 -455C [9].
• Influence of APOE genotype on familial aggregation of AD in an urban population [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Urban Population

• Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the urban population aged 30-69 years in Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo), Brazil [11].
• These data suggest that recent cocaine use among women with suspected preterm labor is common in only some segments of an urban population and significantly impacts pregnancy outcome [12].
• This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among pregnant women in a poor urban population of Bangladesh. It also examined the association of various socio-economic and dietary factors with anaemia and vitamin A status [13].
• In the course of 1982 and 1983 a study was carried out on the prevalence of rheumatic symptoms and the identification of rheumatic diseases in the urban population of the Zagreb commune of Medvescak [14].
• Differences in sodium chloride taste sensitivity in a rural and an urban population in Nigeria: implications for the incidence of hypertension [15].

Biological context of Urban Population

• Carbon monoxide should be considered as a potential public health risk to urban populations at current ambient exposure levels [16].
• The polymorphism of complement component C3, BF and C4 was studied in an urban population of Bogota, Colombia and for C3 and BF, genetic heterogeneity was further examined among the five villages of the Colombian Andes [17].
• We investigated the association of beta2 adrenoceptor functional gene variants (Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, and Thr164Ile polymorphisms), obesity phenotypes, and blood pressure levels in a large, ethnically mixed urban population [18].

Anatomical context of Urban Population

• The existence of an association between aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in erythrocytes (ALA-d) and blood lead level (Pb-B) has been investigated in a male urban population not occupationally exposed to lead [19].
• The prevalence of coronary artery (CAD) disease in the Indian urban population is comparable to British population [20].

Associations of Urban Population with chemical compounds

• The urban populations of Istanbul and Adana had higher plasma cholesterol levels (men, 202 and 184 mg/dl, respectively; women, 181 and 190 mg/dl, respectively) [21].
• The use of cocaine and/or amphetamine is a strong risk factor for stroke in this socioeconomically heterogeneous, insured urban population [22].
• No significant differences were found in lactose maldigestion or milk intolerance between rural and urban populations, but milk consumption was higher in urban areas (P < 0.01) [23].
• In a recent survey of trimethoprim resistance, 357 Gram-negative aerobic organisms were isolated from healthy volunteers from rural and urban populations in South Africa. Trimethoprim resistance was transferable in 184 (52%) of the isolates [24].
• In this study an exposure simulation model was used to delimit almost exactly in space and time an urban population exposed to airborne dioxin [25].

Gene context of Urban Population

• CONCLUSIONS: Relative elevation in TNF receptor levels, but not TNF-alpha, is associated with carotid atherosclerosis among individuals aged < 70 years in this multiethnic, urban population [26].
• OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) among 2.5-year-old children in a Swedish urban population with a high incidence of CD [27].
• RESULTS: In comparison to rural residents the urban population had an increased risk of allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.9), atopic sensitization (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0-1.4) and sensitization against pollen (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-1.9) [28].
• The vitamin D status of a general adult urban population was estimated between November and April in 1569 subjects selected from 20 French cities grouped in nine geographical regions (between latitude 43 degrees and 51 degrees N) [29].
• A wide spectrum of viral and antibody patterns in anti-HCV c100-3 positive sera was observed in this urban population and persisted for at least 6 years [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Urban Population

• Plasma samples obtained during a prevalence study of hyperlipemia in a free-living urban population were analyzed for phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine content by automated high-temperature gas--liquid chromatographic (GLC) and manual colorimetric phosphorus (thin-layer chromatographic, TLC) methods [31].
• Seroprevalence of human parvovirus B19 infection in an urban population in Malaysia [32].

References