Disease relevance of Enterocolitis

• Three of the patients with lymphocytic colitis and celiac-like changes of the small bowel never responded to a gluten-free diet and may represent a distinctive panintestinal disease for which the term "lymphocytic enterocolitis" with malabsorption is proposed [1].
• METHODS: Dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and Salmonella typhimurium-induced enterocolitis were used as animal models to study colitis [2].
• We tested if GH treatment altered inflammation or fibrosis during chronic, experimental granulomatous enterocolitis [3].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Nongranulomatous ulcerative enterocolitis has been reported in association with celiac sprue, lymphoma, and hypogammaglobulinemia [4].
• IL-10-deficient mice exhibit spontaneous enterocolitis and other symptoms akin to Crohn's disease, indicating that IL-10 might regulate normal physiology in the gut [5].

Psychiatry related information on Enterocolitis

• Sucralfate dose-dependently decreased the clinical signs of enterocolitis (e.g., lethargy, diarrhea) as well as the number and area of ileal and colonic erosions and ulcers [6].

High impact information on Enterocolitis

• Diarrhea associated with mesalamine in a patient with chronic nongranulomatous enterocolitis [7].
• Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis [8].
• The mice show a polarized immune response toward the Th1 type and develop chronic enterocolitis with age [9].
• Interleukin (IL)-10-deficient mice, which develop a chronic Th1-driven enterocolitis, were crossbred with CD44v6/v7 null mice [10].
• These findings indicate that overproduction of IL-12p40, which induces potent Th1 responses, is essential for the development of chronic enterocolitis in Stat3 mutant mice [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Enterocolitis

• We demonstrated the presence of a toxic substance(s) in the feces of hamsters developing clindamycin-induced enterocolitis [12].
• The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lactobacilli and oatbase on methotrexate-induced enterocolitis in rats [13].
• Home parenteral nutrition was used to treat 9 patients with severe Crohn's enterocolitis [14].
• Clindamycin and lincomycin produced a lethal enterocolitis in 65 of 67 Syrian hamsters [15].
• Prevention of necrotising enterocolitis with gentamicin [16].

Biological context of Enterocolitis

• CONCLUSIONS: Selective in vivo and in vitro activation of the contact system in susceptible Lewis rats suggests that this pathway is one determinant of genetic susceptibility to granulomatous enterocolitis and systemic complications [17].
• The authors studied expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen in the resected bowel specimens of 18 patients with HD who had no evidence of enterocolitis and in eight age- and site-matched controls, using indirect immunohistochemistry [18].
• The authors present the case of an immunocompromised patient with the interesting scintigraphic pattern of diffuse large and small bowel uptake of gallium secondary to biopsy proven Yersinia and tuberculous enterocolitis [19].
• Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5) mRNA was studied in intestines of rats with peptidoglycan-polysaccharide enterocolitis by Northern analysis and in situ hybridization [20].

Anatomical context of Enterocolitis

• Furthermore, enterocolitis was significantly improved and IFN-gamma production by T cells was reduced in TLR4/Stat3 double-mutant mice, indicating that TLR4-mediated recognition of microbial components triggers aberrant IL-12p40 production by myeloid cells, leading to the development of enterocolitis [11].
• Mechanistic studies have associated uncontrolled cytokine production by activated macrophages and CD4+ Th1-like T cells with the enterocolitis exhibited by IL-10-/- mice [21].
• Expression of transforming growth factor beta1, transforming growth factor type I and II receptors, and TNF-alpha in the mucosa of the small intestine in infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome [22].
• Moreover, one cytokine in human milk, interleukin (IL)-10, protects infant mice genetically deficient in IL-10 against an enterocolitis that resembles necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in human premature infants [23].
• We examined whether extraintestinal manifestations of granulomatous enterocolitis in rabbits might be produced by the long-term administration of muramyl dipeptide which represents the basic fragment of the bacterial cell wall, emulsified with Freund's incomplete adjuvant [24].

Gene context of Enterocolitis

• Even in the absence of Stat1, which is essential for IFN-gamma signaling pathways, Stat3 mutant mice developed chronic enterocolitis [11].
• Cecal interleukin 1 (IL-1) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) expression was measured in inbred rats displaying differential susceptibility to experimental enterocolitis [25].
• RESULTS: IL10 attenuated acute enterocolitis in a dose dependent fashion (p < 0.01) [26].
• Our studies have elucidated, in part, the mechanism whereby persistent stimulation by normal enteric antigens leads to the development of chronic enterocolitis in interleukin 10-deficient (IL-10-/-) mice [27].
• EGF has even been tried in humans in gastric ulcer healing and in necrotising enterocolitis [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Enterocolitis

• Eosinophilic enterocolitis diagnosed by means of technetium-99m albumin scintigraphy and treated with budesonide (CIR) [29].
• Experimental enterocolitis was induced in guinea pigs by intraperitoneal injection of clindamycin [30].
• We report on a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) enterocolitis occurring in a 65-year-old patient after a first course of standard chemotherapy for a small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) [31].
• Preoperative relief of obstruction was carried out by only enemas in 25 patients (81%), with addition of total parenteral nutrition of 8 to 27 days in case of severe enterocolitis [32].
• Indium 111 oxine-labeled leukocytes for early diagnosis of ischemic enterocolitis [33].

References