Disease relevance of Gametogenesis

• In the stronger allele (110 bp insert) RPS3 mRNA levels are reduced by approximately 60%, resulting in an extreme Minute phenotype that includes many morphological abnormalities as well as sterility in both males and females due to disruption of early gametogenesis [1].
• Administration of gold chloride at a dose of 0.3 mg/ kg body weight for 26 days led to insignificant changes of testicular Delta5-3beta-HSD,17beta-HSD activities and gametogenesis along with plasma T [2].

High impact information on Gametogenesis

• Cis-acting regulatory elements that control imprinting are not fully understood but involve regions that become differentially methylated on the two parental chromosomes during male and female gametogenesis [3].
• Role of Ahch in gonadal development and gametogenesis [4].
• Here we demonstrate that male gametogenesis is severely disrupted in Atm-deficient mice in the earliest stages of meiotic prophase I, resulting in apoptotic degeneration [5].
• Assembly of Rad51 foci on axial elements remained defective, and gametogenesis proceeded only to pachytene of prophase I [5].
• Homozygous male and female mice also had compromised gametogenesis, leading to markedly impaired fertility, a characteristic of FA patients [6].

Biological context of Gametogenesis

• W mutations affect melanogenesis, gametogenesis, and hematopoiesis during development and adult life, and they result from the partial or complete loss of c-kit function [7].
• Oct-3/4 is a POU domain homeobox gene that is expressed during gametogenesis and in early embryonic cells, where it has been shown to be important for maintaining pluripotency [8].
• Nup154, a new Drosophila gene essential for male and female gametogenesis is related to the nup155 vertebrate nucleoporin gene [9].
• We conclude that Dpl regulates male fertility by controlling several aspects of male gametogenesis and sperm-egg interaction [10].
• The ovo transcript encodes a protein of at least 1209 amino acids with four zinc fingers, suggesting that ovo might be a transcription factor required for female germ line maintenance and gametogenesis [11].

Anatomical context of Gametogenesis

• The expression of each gene was biallelic in the female and male germ line from the time that migratory mitotic PGCs entered the embryonic genital ridge and throughout gametogenesis, except that H19 RNA was not detected late in gametogenesis [12].
• Here, we show that ePABP is also expressed in X. laevis testis, suggesting a more general role for ePABP in gametogenesis [13].
• We favour a model where aly may regulate cell cycle progression and terminal differentiation during male gametogenesis by regulating chromatin conformation in primary spermatocytes [14].
• We propose that the AhR, activated by an as yet unknown endogenous ligand(s), serves to regulate the size of the oocyte reserve endowed at birth by affecting germ cell death during female gametogenesis [15].
• We previously reported that ER beta deficiency affects gametogenesis in mice but changes neither the number nor the differentiated functions of fetal Leydig cells [16].

Associations of Gametogenesis with chemical compounds

• This paper describes the distribution of 5-methyl cytosine residues in restriction fragments of chloroplast DNA sampled during gametogenesis by two methods: ethidium bromide staining of agarose gels, and binding of antibody directed against 5-methyl cytosine onto restriction fragments blotted to nitro-cellulose paper [17].
• High-frequency GnRH release results from disinhibition and activation of GnRH neurons at puberty onset, leading to gametogenesis and an increase in gonadal steroid hormone secretion [18].
• The Kit receptor tyrosine kinase functions in hemato- poiesis, melanogenesis and gametogenesis [19].
• As part of a study on DNA methylation patterns in the human genome, we have applied the bisulfite protocol of genomic sequencing to study all 5'-CG-3' dinucleotides around exon 1 of SNRPN and at the D15S63 locus, which contains a start site for alternative SNRPN transcripts possibly involved in imprint switching during gametogenesis [20].
• Xanthurenic acid induces gametogenesis in Plasmodium, the malaria parasite [21].

Gene context of Gametogenesis

• Hsf2-null mice display gametogenesis defects and brain abnormalities characterized by enlarged ventricles [22].
• Gametogenesis in yeast is regulated by a transcriptional cascade dependent on Ndt80 [23].
• DAZL proteins are germ-cell-specific RNA-binding proteins essential for gametogenesis [24].
• Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-kit constitute an important signal transduction system regulating cell growth and differentiation in hematopoiesis, gametogenesis, and melanogenesis [25].
• These results suggest that FSTL3 is likely to be a local regulator of activin action in gonadal development and gametogenesis and, further, that activin appears to have important actions in gonadal development and function that are critical for normal reproduction [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gametogenesis

• Immunohistochemistry of the mouse ovary and testis showed that magphinin proteins are distributed in the cytoplasm of the male and female germ cells, whereas these proteins are translocated to the nucleus at a specific stage of gametogenesis [27].
• To explore the role of nonmuscle myosin II isoforms during mouse gametogenesis, fertilization, and early development, localization and microinjection studies were performed using monospecific antibodies to myosin IIA and IIB isotypes [28].
• RT-PCR confirmed that Mll3 is expressed early during gametogenesis [29].
• Using sorbitol synchronised, in vitro gametocyte cultures along with immunofluorescence assays, the time at which Pfs16 is first expressed during gametogenesis has been estimated to 35 hours post merozoite invasion [30].
• We have used Western blue-visualized in situ-hybridization (ISH) to monitor the expression of apomixis-specific gene-1 (ASG-1, GenBank accession number AB000809) during gametogenesis in obligate-sexual and facultative-apomictic (aposporic) genotypes of guinea grass (Panicum maximum) [31].

References