Disease relevance of Motor Skills

• In aged Rhesus monkeys with bilateral 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonism, intramuscular NBQX produced clinically apparent improvement in akinesia, tremor, posture, and gross motor skills [1].
• In this study, we administer a mAb directed against CCL5 to mice with established mouse hepatitis virus-induced demyelination and impaired motor skills [2].
• In patients with primary carnitine deficiencies, which may be life-threatening, and some secondary deficiencies such as organic acidurias, the exogenously administered compound is clearly beneficial: by abolishing hypotonia, motor skills are improved, as are muscle weakness and wasting [3].
• The OSAS patients performed more poorly on a test requiring sustained attention and considered sensitive to sleepiness, whereas the COPD patients performed more poorly on a test requiring motor skills and sensitive to hypoxemia [4].
• All mice were evaluated for percentage of plasma ethanol, impaired motor skills and impaired delayed type hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes [5].

Psychiatry related information on Motor Skills

• Attention and fine motor skills, assessed by visual reaction time, was slowed at altered glucose levels [6].
• Dark adaptation, motor skills, docosahexaenoic acid, and dyslexia [7].
• Postnatal caffeine exposure: effects on motor skills and locomotor activity during ontogenesis [8].
• School learning disorders in CH children were significantly correlated with a borderline-low IQ, poor language performances and a low social-cultural level of the family, but not with motor skills or neonatal T4 concentration [9].
• Fine motor skills and visual-motor coordination were significantly impaired ( P < .01 for Grooved Pegboard and Test of Visual-Motor Integration) [10].

High impact information on Motor Skills

• OBJECTIVE: To critically review outcomes in early childhood after prenatal cocaine exposure in 5 domains: physical growth; cognition; language skills; motor skills; and behavior, attention, affect, and neurophysiology [11].
• In a test for coordinated motor skill, however, homozygous Kv3.1-/- mice perform significantly worse than their heterozygous Kv3.1+/- or wild-type littermates [12].
• Moreover, fluoxetine significantly improved motor skills of the affected side [13].
• Motor skills tests show that Kv1.1 null mice display a compromised ability to maintain balance on a thin stationary rod [14].
• Application of the PAS protocols after motor training did not prevent the consolidation of motor skills evident as performance gains at later retesting [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Motor Skills

• Seven of eight animals exhibited motor skill impairment which was associated with elevated quinolinic acid in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [16].
• The development of new anxiolytics such as buspirone, which seem to exert less effect on cognitive and motor skills and lack addiction potential (and thus withdrawal problems), presents the clinician with a treatment alternative [17].
• The authors discuss the extent to which the clinician is responsible for warning patients that benzodiazepine therapy may result in addiction, withdrawal problems, and/or impaired cognitive and motor skills [17].
• Four groups of six male social drinkers learned a motor skill task and then drank the same dose of ethanol (0.62 g/kg) during each of five drinking sessions [18].
• These observations suggest that a dissociation of the activity of these two neuropeptide systems may underlie the improvement in motor skill that accompanies dopamine replacement therapy and that this dissociation may be instrumental in the long-term complications associated with L-DOPA therapy [19].

Biological context of Motor Skills

• The results also support the notion that high third-trimester phenytoin levels may have significant impact on newborn reflexes and initial development of gross motor skills [20].
• Correlations revealed that higher 40-week PCA free T4 levels were associated with better attentiveness ratings (p < .01 for reference and p < .0001 for gestational-age values) and sustained attention (p < .05) and higher 40-week total T4 with better motor skills (p < .05 for gestational-age value) [21].
• In Turner syndrome (TS), an X-chromosomal anomaly characterised by total or partial loss of the second X-chromosome, muscle hypotonia, and lower proficiency in fine and gross motor skills have been described [22].
• Poor contrast sensitivity and strabismus were predictive of poor motor skills in the VLBW children [23].

Anatomical context of Motor Skills

• Nicotine stimulates dendritic arborization in motor cortex and improves concurrent motor skill but impairs subsequent motor learning [24].
• It is proposed that formation of long-term memories (consolidated receptor mosaics) in the plasma membranes of the striosomal GABA neurons may play a major role in the motivational learning of motor skills of relevance for survival [25].
• A previous study had shown SCLC patients to have deficits in memory, frontal lobe executive functioning, and motor skills before they received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) [26].
• Previously, our laboratory demonstrated increased FMRP immunoreactivity in visual cortex of rats exposed to complex environments (EC) and in motor cortex of rats trained on motor-skill tasks compared with animals reared individually in standard laboratory housing (IC) [27].
• In this paper the motor skill considered is that of paraplegics using their upper limbs whilst standing-up with FES [28].

Gene context of Motor Skills

• The Rora(-/-) cerebellum is qualitatively a phenocopy of the Rora(sg/sg) one, but the two strains differ slightly in their motor skills [29].
• The HD mice show abbreviated lifespans (4-6 months), hypoactivity, and mild impairment of motor skills [30].
• We examined the time course of BDNF and TrkB expression after 1, 3, 5, 7 or 14 days in one of three conditions: (1) an "acrobatic" motor skill learning condition (AC), (2) a motor activity condition (moderately paced running on a flat track; MC) and (3) an inactive social-only control (SC) that served as a baseline group [31].
• In addition, both Nas1-/- and Nas1+/+ mice displayed similar escape latencies in the acquisition phase of the Morris water maze test, suggesting that learning, motivation, vision and motor skills required for the task may not be affected in Nas1-/- mice [32].
• Attention and impulse control were consistently found to be important predictors of both fine and gross motor skills in children with ADHD [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Motor Skills

• The results showed that the DAT, AMN, and intact control groups all significantly improved their time on target over six test blocks whereas the HD group was severely impaired in the acquisition of this motor skill [34].
• In this study we tested the effect of two different technical variants of endothelin-1 application on infarct volume and motor skills (1) application via pre-implanted guiding cannula in awake animals and (2) via direct injection under halothane anaesthesia [35].
• Consistent with this view, a single oral dose of the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine was found to enhance motor skill acquisition (rapid elbow flexion) and corticomotor excitability tested with transcranial magnetic stimulation in the absence of effects on basal motor performance [36].

References