Disease relevance of Dipicolinate

• The nucleotide sequence of a 7-kilobase segment of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome containing the entire coding regions for the enzymes catalyzing the first three steps of diaminopimelate synthesis as well as dipicolinate synthase has been determined [1].
• Our study shows impaired handling of orally administered zinc sulfate but not zinc dipicolinate in patients with pancreatic insufficiency and suggests normal pancreatic function may play a role in zinc metabolism in man [2].
• Manganese ion interaction with glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli: kinetic and equilibrium studies with xylenol orange and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid [3].
• Osmotically induced increase in thermal resistance of heat-sensitive, dipicolinic acid-less spores of Bacillus cereus Ht-8 [4].
• This investigation was done to determine whether dipicolinic acid was present in the Legionnaires' disease bacterium [5].

High impact information on Dipicolinate

• We use time-resolved coherent Raman spectroscopy to obtain molecule-specific signals from dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is a marker molecule for bacterial spores [6].
• Human glutaminyl cyclase (QC) was identified as a metalloenzyme as suggested by the time-dependent inhibition by the heterocyclic chelators 1,10-phenanthroline and dipicolinic acid [7].
• Disruption of orfX had no effect on growth but caused a sporulation defect, characterized by low sporulation frequencies and heat-sensitive spores, which could be cured by supplementation with dipicolinate, similar to the phenotype of mutants defective in spoVF, the putative structural gene for dipicolinate synthase [1].
• Cloning, DNA sequence, functional analysis and transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding dipicolinic acid synthetase required for sporulation in Bacillus subtilis [8].
• The germination kinetics at varying concentrations of l-alanine and different temperatures were studied by monitoring the intensity and growth of the Raman peak at 1010 cm(-)(1), which is characteristic of dipicolinic acid [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dipicolinate

• Bacillus subtilis spores can germinate with a 1:1 chelate of Ca(2+) and dipicolinic acid (DPA), a compound present at high levels in the spore core [10].
• Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) potentially has the sensitivity and discrimination needed for trace DPA analysis, but mixing DPA solutions with citrate-reduced silver colloid only yielded measurable SERS spectra at much higher (>80 ppm) concentrations than would be desirable for anthrax detection [11].
• When the spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 (ATCC 12872) were incubated with 5 mM CdCl2 at 30 C, they underwent the early germination events, such as loss of heat resistance and release of calcium dipicolinate, in the same way as when they were germinated by glucose + KNO3 [12].
• A Bacillus subtilis veg mutant exhibited a small reduction of absorbance, a large reduction of hexosamine release, and slow dipicolinic acid release from spores during germination with L-alanine as a germinant [13].
• Actinomycin D allowed 3.6% of spore formation and 4.9% of dipicolinic acid synthesis of control cultures when added at 0.4 microM at late stage (T6.5) during sporulation process of Bacillus subtilis although the drug inhibited sporulation almost completely when added at log phase and early stages [14].

Biological context of Dipicolinate

• Mixing of bilayer lipids was monitored with an assay based on resonance energy transfer (RET) and mixing of aqueous vesicle contents with the Tb/dipicolinate assay [15].
• In this system, loss of heat resistance was associated with commitment, whereas selective cortex hydrolysis, release of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, Zn2+ and soluble peptidoglycan, as well as loss of refractility, were identified as post-commitment events [16].
• By encapsulation of 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA) as a competing ligand which forms a luminescent Eu/DPA complex, the kinetics of ion transport across the membrane could be followed [17].
• The products of the spoVA operon are involved in dipicolinic acid uptake into developing spores of Bacillus subtilis [18].
• The zinc concentration of liver and kidneys was determined in rat pups nursing dams given 10 micrograms Zn/ml as either zinc dipicolinate or zinc acetate in water solution during the last week of gestation and for 5 days of lactation [19].

Anatomical context of Dipicolinate

• Nevertheless, in YLHG, dipicolinic acid production started later and the spores were released from the mother cells much later than in YLLG [20].
• Zinc content in bone tissues was decreased when the culture was treated with 10(-4) and 10(-3) M dipicolinate for 24 hr [21].
• Among the four morphotype spores, heat resistance did not correlate with total water content, wet density, refractive index, or dipicolinate or cation content, but did correlate with the volume ratio of protoplast to protoplast plus cortex [22].
• Proteolysis of synaptobrevin in cells and in secretory granules is reversibly inhibited by the zinc chelating agent dipicolinic acid [23].
• We also assessed the impact of decreased concentrations of endogenously occurring zinc in the extracellular fluid brought about by an i.t. injection of either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium-calcium salt (Ca++EDTA), a calcium-saturated, membrane-impermeable chelator of divalent cations, or of dipicolinic acid, a zinc chelator [24].

Associations of Dipicolinate with other chemical compounds

• Aggregation of the vesicles was monitored by 90 degrees light-scattering measurements, fusion by the terbium/dipicolinic acid assay for mixing of internal aqueous volumes, and release of vesicle contents by carboxyfluorescein fluorescence [25].
• 4. Liposome fusion was monitored by the Tb/dipicolinic acid fluorescence assay for the intermixing of internal aqueous contents, and the release of contents was followed by carboxyfluorescein fluorescence [26].
• For PyMS it was found that m/z 105 was characteristic and is a pyridine ketonium ion (C6H3ON+) obtained from the pyrolysis of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; DPA), a substance found in spores but not in vegetative cells; this was confirmed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [27].
• Vesicle rupture and fusion in the presence of PEG were measured by changes in the fluorescence of trapped Tb3+ complexed with dipicolinic acid (DPA) or by the increase of fluorescence from 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid (ANTS) coencapsulated with a quenching agent [28].
• Sensitive femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy discrimination between dipicolinic acid and dinicotinic acid [29].

Gene context of Dipicolinate

• The effect of IGF-I or TGF-beta in increasing the bone components was seen in the presence of dipicolinate [30].
• DHDPS is 50% inhibited by 1.0 mM-L-lysine, 1.2 mM-sodium dipicolinate or 4.6 mM-S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine [31].
• While cwlJ and sleB spores were able to germinate, CJSB (cwlJ sleB) spores could not germinate but exhibited initial germination reactions, e.g., partial decrease in A580 and slow release of dipicolinic acid [32].
• Selective activation of calcineurin by dipicolinic acid [33].
• Evaluation of dipicolinic acid for detection of IMP- or VIM- type metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dipicolinate

• Visible and UV coherent Raman spectroscopy of dipicolinic acid [6].
• Ultrastructural localization of dipicolinic acid in dormant spores of Bacillus subtilis by immunoelectron microscopy with colloidal gold particles [35].
• We measured the synthesis of dipicolinic acid (DPA) during sporulation in spo mutants of Bacillus subtilis by a sensitive biological assay based on cross-feeding of a spoVF mutant strain and also chemically [36].
• Spores germinated in calcium dipicolinate only after treatment with SDS-DTT [37].
• Tissue uptake of zinc was determined in rats fed a low zinc diet (less than 1 ppm Zn) and an adequate zinc diet (20 ppm Zn) following the intramuscular injection of either zinc dipicolinate (ZnPA2) or zinc histidinate (ZnHis) [38].

References