Disease relevance of ERGOTHIONEINE

• The effects of sulfhydryl compounds, especially ergothioneine, on nitrosation at physiologic pH and temperature might be significant in the in vivo formation of N-nitrosamines in the hemorrhage or ulcerous gastrointestinal tract or injured organs [1].
• Ergothioneine, also produced by actinomycetes, remains a mystery despite many years of study [2].
• The accumulation of MbIV was prevented by addition of ascorbic acid (1 mM), ergothioneine (2 mM), or desferal (1 mM) to the buffer prior to ischemia [3].
• A high level of ergothioneine was found in Streptomyces lactamdurans, and several unidentified thiols were detected in this and other streptomycetes [4].
• Thus, ergothioneine appears to be neuroprotective in this system and the data suggest that antioxidants may provide a useful means of modulating glutamate-based toxicity [5].

High impact information on ERGOTHIONEINE

• Ergothioneine rescues PC12 cells from beta-amyloid-induced apoptotic death [6].
• Ergothioneine (ESH) is a low-molecular-mass thiol present in millimolar concentrations in a limited number of tissues, including erythrocytes, kidney, seminal fluid and liver; however, its biological function is still unclear [7].
• We have investigated, via pulse radiolysis, the one-electron oxidation of ergothioneine, a molecule with antioxidant properties which is detected at millimolar concentrations in certain tissues and fluids subject to oxidative stress, including erythrocytes and plasma [8].
• In the presence of vitamin C, the oxidized form of ergothioneine is repaired by a rapid reduction (k = 6.3 x 10(8) M(-1).s(-1)) producing ascorbyl radicals [8].
• Ergothioneine was observed not to take part in any chemical reactions with arsenicals in free solution or in intact erythrocytes, and we conclude that ergothioneine may still be used as an internal intensity reference in 1H SEFT NMR spectra, bearing in mind the above physical factors [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of ERGOTHIONEINE

• Ergothioneine blocks the mutagenicity for Salmonella strain TA1950 (hisG46 uvrB) of the nitrosation products of spermidine to an extent that is approximately proportional to the ergothioneine concentration [10].
• However, the levels of certain biochemical components of the semen plasma (glycerylphosphorylcholine, ergothioneine, fructose and of the semen plasma (glycerylphosphorylcholine, ergothioneine, fructose and total protein) from mycoplasma-positive ejaculates were significantly lower than in the semen plasma from mycoplasma free ejaculates [11].

Biological context of ERGOTHIONEINE

• Ergothioneine increased aerobic nitrosation almost as strongly as anaerobic nitrosation [1].
• Modulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage, MAPKs activation and cell death in PC12 by ergothioneine [12].
• Ergothioneine also abolished the transcriptional activation of IL-8 in an IL-8-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter system, transfected into A549 cells [13].
• 4. ERT may be required for both gene expression and repair [14].
• Diospyrin and geshoidin inhibited the three GST isoforms tested, with IC50 values in the range 0.1-0.5 microm, whereas ergothioneine had no effect on the GSTs [15].

Anatomical context of ERGOTHIONEINE

• Ergothioneine inhibits oxidative stress- and TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappa B activation and interleukin-8 release in alveolar epithelial cells [13].
• Protection may well occur both in organisms that synthesize ergothioneine and in animals including man that ingest and store ergothioneine in red blood cells, the liver, seminal fluid, and central nervous system [10].
• Ergothioneine inhibited ONOO(-)-induced oxidative damage in isolated calf thymus DNA and DNA in N-18-RE-105 cells [16].
• The radical scavenging activity of beta-hydroxyergothioneine was almost the same as that of ergothioneine. beta-Hydroxyergothioneine showed the greatest protective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced injury in primary culture hepatocytes [17].
• By determining some of the characteristic constituents such as ergothioneine, citric acid, glycerylphosphorylcholine and certain glycosidases, it is possible to obtain a quantitative measure of the secretory contribution of the ampulla, seminal vesicle and epididymis, respectively, towards the final composition of the whole ejaculate [18].

Associations of ERGOTHIONEINE with other chemical compounds

• The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral administration of L-ergothioneine on the oxidative damage in vivo caused by the Fenton reagent ferric-nitrilotriacetate [19].
• The aim of this study was to determine whether ergothioneine can inhibit the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))- and TNF-alpha-mediated activation of NF-kappa B and the release of IL-8 in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) [13].
• The interaction of auranofin (Et(3)PAuSATg) with ergothionine (ErS), imidazolidine-2-thione (Imt) and diazinane-2-thione (Diaz) has been studied using (13)C and (31)P NMR spectroscopy [20].
• The interaction of gold(I) thiomalate (Autm) (Myocrysine) with ergothionine (ErSH) has been studied in aqueous solution at pH 7 [21].
• An in vitro study on the free radical scavenging capacity of ergothioneine: comparison with reduced glutathione, uric acid and trolox [22].

Gene context of ERGOTHIONEINE

• Association of rheumatoid arthritis with ergothioneine levels in red blood cells: a case control study [23].
• L-Ergothioneine scavenges superoxide and singlet oxygen and suppresses TNF-alpha and MMP-1 expression in UV-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts [24].
• The reduction of ferryl myoglobin by ergothioneine: a novel function for ergothioneine [25].
• Ergothioneine as antioxidant [26].
• Ergothioneine (ERT), is a low molecular weight, sulfur-containing antioxidant occurring in up to millimolar amounts in mammalian tissues [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ERGOTHIONEINE

• Determination of ergothioneine in red blood cells by high-performance liquid chromatography [28].
• Significant differences are observed between the ergothioneine pools in the rheumatoid group (P less than 0.01) compared to the control group [29].
• Ergothioneine was delivered at 10(-5) M and 10(-4) M 60 min before ischaemia and during reperfusion [30].

References