Disease relevance of aesculin

• Clones expressing 6 of 10 activities tested were identified in the library, namely, ampicillin resistance, zwittermicin A resistance, esculin hydrolysis, hemolysis, orange pigment production, and lecithinase activity [1].
• Esculin hydrolysis by Enterobacteriaceae [2].
• Recognition of Listeria colonies is evident by black discoloration of the medium due to esculin hydrolysis without need for special illuminating equipment [3].
• After 24 to 48 h, all members of the Bacteroides fragilis group grow in 20% bile and hydrolyze esculin [4].
• We examined 113 strains of fresh clinical isolates of E. coli and assessed the ability of colonies in a population to hydrolyze esculin with and without preincubation in inducible substrates at 24, 48, and 72 h [5].

High impact information on aesculin

• AtSUC9 showed low substrate specificity, similar to AtSUC2 (At1g22710), and transported a wide range of glucosides, including helicin, salicin, arbutin, maltose, fraxin, esculin, turanose, and alpha-methyl-d-glucose [6].
• Bone formation and remodeling in vivo can be assessed by polychrome labeling using calcium-binding fluorescent dyes [7].
• The strains were motile, catalase positive, nitrate reductase negative, and urease negative, but strongly hydrolyzed esculin [8].
• A revised description of the species should be variable reaction for pyrrolidonylarylamidase production (75% positive), positive reaction for the bile esculin test (100%), growth at 45 degrees C (96%), variable reaction for acid production from arabinose (45% positive), and negative starch hydrolysis (0% positive) [9].
• All of these isolates were catalase, oxidase, and Voges-Proskauer positive and nitrate negative, and all produced acid when glycerol, esculin, and maltose were added [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of aesculin

• No E. coli strain was able to produce constitutive enzyme; preincubation in esculin and salicin resulted in an induction of the beta-glucosidase [5].
• The ability of several anaerobic bacteria to hydrolyze esculin to esculetin is used by clinical microbiologists and taxonomists in the differentiation and identification of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms [11].
• Gentamicin and bile prevent the growth of most organisms other than the esculin-positive bacteroides that can tolerate bile [12].
• Biogroup 1, characterized by negative reactions for indole production, salicin fermentation and aesculin hydrolysis, is now known as Proteus penneri [13].
• A simple biochemical typing on solid media of lactose-fermenting Enterobacteriaceae strains and aesculin testing of Enterococcus strains were performed simultaneously [14].

Biological context of aesculin

• Isolates were tested for markers of virulence including carriage of a plasmid 42 megadaltons in size, calcium dependence, autoagglutination, Congo red uptake, pyrazinamidase activity, fermentation of salicin, and hydrolysis of esculin [15].
• Strains were identified to the species level by hydrolysis of esculin, reactions in litmus milk, slime production on 5% sucrose agar, acidification of maltose, melibiose, and raffinose broths, deamination of arginine, and growth at 42 degrees C and in 6.5% NaCl broth [16].
• These data correlate with the phenotype observed on aesculin plates for the S. mutans wild-type strain NG8 and the licT : : Omega-Kan2 strain [17].
• These results suggest that the intake of esculin has an inhibitory effect on BOP-induced oxidative DNA damage and carcinogenesis in hamster pancreas [18].
• Baicalein, esculetin and related compounds, baicalein, wogonin, esculin and scoparone, inhibited CEM cell proliferation [19].

Anatomical context of aesculin

• Histomorphometric evaluation and polychrome sequential labeling showed a more progressed bone matrix formation in the cylindrical cage group than in both other groups [20].
• It lacks a cell wall; ferments glucose, mannose, lactose and sucrose; does not produce 'film and spots'; does not hydrolyse arginine, aesculin or urea; is sensitive to digitonin; and lacks phosphatase activity [21].
• The polychrome-stained equine synovial fluid smears were found to provide information supportive of clinical, radiographic and prognostic data [22].
• Phospholipid concentrations were increased in rats exposed to 1.1 mg/m(3) and above (elevated levels of lipid material in alveolar macrophages demonstrated by polychrome stain) and 3.3 mg/m(3) and above (increased intracellular ACPh activity and intracellular phospholipids) [23].
• In addition, all the ECP samples showed caseinase, gelatinase, amylase, lipase and phospholipase activities, hydrolysed esculin and displayed hemolytic activities for trout, salmon, sheep and human erythrocytes [24].

Associations of aesculin with other chemical compounds

• These included acid production in peptone-yeast-glucose medium, production of n-butyric acid from peptone-yeast-glucose medium, esculin hydrolysis, starch hydrolysis, indole production, effect on milk, and lipase production [25].
• The following parameters are proposed for the identification of the species: Voges-Proskauer negativity, hydrolysis of esculin positivity, trehalose positivity, negativity for growth in 6.5% NaCl, and absence of beta-hemolysis on sheep blood agar [26].
• E. hormaechei was negative in tests for indole production; H2S production; phenylalanine deaminase; lysine decarboxylase; gelatin hydrolysis; acid production from D-adonitol, D-arabitol, erythritol, glycerol, i(myo)-inositol, melibiose, raffinose, and D-sorbitol; esculin hydrolysis; DNase; lipase; and tyrosine clearing [27].
• Aesculetin is the product of the hydrolysis reaction of aesculin [28].
• The two novel species can be differentiated from their nearest neighbours by the following characteristics: the utilization of sucrose, d-sorbitol, putrescine and mucate, the hydrolysis of aesculin and a negative result in the Voges-Proskauer reaction [29].

Gene context of aesculin

• It was hypothesized that antitermination is the regulatory mechanism that is responsible for the control of the bglP gene expression, which encodes an esculin-specific PTS enzyme II [30].
• Succinivibrio spp. will grow in bile, will not hydrolyze esculin or starch, and do not produce indol, catalase, lecithinase, lipase, or hemolysis [31].
• It was calculated that the activation energy for aesculin hydrolysis was 49.4kJ/mol [28].
• Histomorphological, -morphometrical, and polychrome sequential labeling analyses demonstrated greater progression of callus formation in the BMP-2 groups than in any other group [32].
• In the present study, we implanted untreated, alkaline-etched and FN-coated Ecopore cylinders into critical size defects of rabbit femora and applied pulsed polychrome sequence staining [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of aesculin

• Analysis of illicit drugs in human urine by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with on-column fast scanning polychrome absorption detection [34].
• Detection of the vanA and vanB genes by multiplex PCR using 657 specimens that showed presumptive growth of VRE on bile esculin azide agar containing 6 mg of vancomycin/liter was compared to the conventional method [35].
• Bile esculin-positive colonies from the direct and broth subculture plates were evaluated for the presence of VRE by standard microbiological techniques [36].
• Determination of the hydrolysis rate constants and activation energy of aesculin with capillary electrophoresis end-column amperometric detection [28].
• Biotyping and ribotyping allowed differentiation of these strains from the aesculin-positive strains of S. bovis belonging to the previously described biotypes I, II.1 and II [37].

References