Disease relevance of Ribotyping

• Use of restriction endonuclease analysis and ribotyping to study epidemiology of Pasteurella multocida in closed swine herds [1].
• Twenty P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from six cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, aged 27 to 33, in 1994 (9 isolates) and 1997 (11 isolates) at the CF Center, Copenhagen, Denmark, and were typed by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) or ribotyping [2].
• Antibiogram typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with selected antibiotics was evaluated as a primary epidemiological typing tool and compared with ribotyping [3].
• Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae O139 in China: polymorphism of ribotypes and CTX elements [4].
• A total of 111 strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated during a meningitis outbreak in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1996 were analyzed by serogrouping, arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction analysis, ribotyping, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis [5].

High impact information on Ribotyping

• The ribotypes of the strains of these serotypes were indistinguishable, except for a Japanese tdh- negative O3:K6 strain and a U.S. clinical O3:K6 isolate, which had slightly different profiles [6].
• We describe six patients with CF in whom the same strain of B. gladioli, on the basis of ribotyping and biochemical characteristics, was grown in their sputum [7].
• No particular PCR ribotype was associated with clindamycin or fusidic acid resistance [8].
• On the basis of clustering information and preliminary genetic characterization, it appears that ribotyping is a useful tool in identifying potential CA-MRSA isolates and 76 MRSA isolates from patients enrolled in the tigecycline phase 3 trials have genetic markers typically associated with CA-MRSA [9].
• Two PstI ribotypes were found in MDR/SGI1 isolates, RP1 (n = 38) and RP6 (n = 1) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ribotyping

• A total of 23 Acinetobacter spp. isolates exhibiting imipenem MIC values of >/=8 microg/ml were typed by ribotyping, an automated molecular method [11].
• Utility of ribotyping, restriction endonuclease analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to discriminate between isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae of serovar IA-2 which require arginine, hypoxanthine or uracil for growth [12].
• AIMS: A molecular methodology based on PCR-associated automated ribotyping was developed to specifically detect the Lactobacillus strains of two probiotic products (an orally administered lyophilized preparation and vaginal tablets) in human faeces and vaginal swabs [13].
• Identification results obtained with PCR-ELISA and ribotyping were well in accordance with each other, while randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) gave tentative identification only to Bifidobacterium bifidum and to 65% of the B. longum isolates [14].
• The ribotype of the nitrate-negative isolate from a horse with ulcerative lymphangitis was identical to all the other isolates from horses, and different than the ribotype of nitrate-negative isolates from sheep and goats [15].

Biological context of Ribotyping

• The methods used included: large restriction fragment pattern analysis of restriction enzyme MluI-digested genomic DNA, plasmid profiling, protein profiling, ribotyping using 5S, 16S, and 23S rDNA probes, and polymerase chain reaction amplification of the rrf (5S)-rrl (23S) intergenic spacer region [16].
• In contrast to strains isolated before 1991, 94% of 104 strains isolated after 1990 showed an identical ribotype R1, were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin, and showed a different CT genotype [17].
• Analysis of rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotype) showed that the environmental isolates shared ribotypes with a collection of clinical isolates, but in contrast to the clinical isolates, 10 of the 11 environmental isolates were either negative or carried deletions in the plasmid-encoded invasion-associated genes ipaB, ipaC, and ipaD [18].
• Distinct ribotypes such as G2, G3, G4, G5, and M2 could represent endemic disease [19].
• A total of 502 Listeria monocytogenes isolates from food and 492 from humans were subtyped by EcoRI ribotyping and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the virulence gene hly [20].

Anatomical context of Ribotyping

• Strains were characterized by conventional methods (biochemical and serologic identification, susceptibility to antimicrobial agents), polymerase chain reaction for genes encoding cholera toxin (CtxA), zonula occludens toxin (Zot), and accessory cholera enterotoxin (Ace), and by ribotyping [21].
• Campylobacter isolates originating from one set of breeder hens and the feces from their respective progeny demonstrated identical ribotype patterns as well as identical flaA SVR DNA sequences, thereby suggesting that these isolates were clonal in origin [22].

Associations of Ribotyping with chemical compounds

• Five of the patients had isolates with the same PFGE or ribotyping patterns in 1997 as in 1994, and ciprofloxacin had a two- to fourfold higher MIC for the isolates collected in 1997 than those from 1994 [2].
• One exception was a multiresistant serotype 19A isolate that was highly related to the clonal group by PBP pattern and MLEE analysis and that had a ribotype similar to those of the other erythromycin-resistant serotype 23F isolates [23].
• Chlorhexidine susceptibilities of mutans streptococcal serotypes and ribotypes [24].
• The PBP patterns, MLEE profiles, and ribotypes of the multiresistant serotype 23F isolates were easily distinguished from those of six multiresistant isolates of other serotypes; three other penicillin-resistant, chloramphenicol-susceptible, serotype 23F isolates; and two penicillin-susceptible isolates [23].
• No correlation between methicillin resistance and certain ribotypes among the S. epidermidis strains was observed [25].

Gene context of Ribotyping

• Searches of the Pathogen Tracker database, which contains subtype and source information for more than 5,000 L. monocytogenes isolates, revealed that the six ribotypes shown to contain isolates with inlA PMSCs were overall more commonly isolated from foods than from human listeriosis cases [26].
• The following characteristics were investigated: Smal patterns, hybridization patterns with pBA2 (ribotypes), slime production, adhesion to matrix proteins (fibrinogen, fibronectin, collagen) and the staphylococcal adhesion genes (fnbA, clfA, cna, atlE, ica, fbe) [27].
• This combination of typing methods differentiated 39 distinctive strains, each reflecting a unique combination of ribotypes, hly and actA alleles [28].
• An investigation of dangerous bacterial pathogens was conducted to determine the usefulness of automated rRNA operon ribotyping (RiboPrinter system) to identify species [29].
• Comparison of flaA typing with other key subtyping methods for C. jejuni showed it to be less discriminatory than pulsed field gel electrophoretic (PFGE) profiling, but more so than ribotyping [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ribotyping

• DNA fingerprinting by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is more effective than ribotyping in distinguishing among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates [31].
• One hundred and seven bovine isolates of penicillin and tetracycline resistant Staphylococcus aureus, recovered from 25 different dairy herds in various parts of Norway, were characterized using antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, ribotyping, plasmid analysis and serotyping of capsular polysaccharide [32].
• Restriction endonuclease digests of whole-cell DNA and Southern blot analysis, hybridizing with E. coli 16S and 23S rRNA (ribotyping), have been effective subtyping techniques, especially for plasmidless isolates of Campylobacter jejuni [33].
• In this study, we cloned and sequenced the genes encoding OspA and OspB from B. garinii strain FujiP2 (ribotype IV strain) isolated from I. persulcatus in Shizuoka, Japan. A sequence analysis revealed significant differences to the previously published sequences of ospA and ospB of B. burgdorferi sensu lato [34].

References