Disease relevance of ERYTHRITOL

• Permeability as measured by determining permeability coefficients was not increased by Salmonella infection and in fact was significantly reduced for erythritol in the jejunum of infected animals [1].
• Allergic reactions after ingestion of erythritol-containing foods and beverages [2].
• Production of the siderophore 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid is required for wild-type growth of Brucella abortus in the presence of erythritol under low-iron conditions in vitro [3].
• We have tentatively identified about a tenth of the compounds that appear to be specific to or increased in uremia, including lactic acid, glycerol, erythritol, erythronic acid, 2-deoxy erythro pentonic acid, arabinitolarabinonic acid, inositol, and lactose [4].
• The relative incorporations of specially labeled pyruvate, lactate, erythritol, D-erythrose, D-ribose, and D-glucose precursors into the dimethylbenzene carbon atoms of the 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole unit of vitamin B12 by Propionibacterium shermanii have been determined [5].

Psychiatry related information on ERYTHRITOL

• During the conversion reaction, erythritol was added to the reaction mixture at 8-h intervals to maintain the concentration of erythritol at 1.0% [6].
• We show here that glycerol, the sugar alcohol erythritol, the disaccharide trehalose and its breakdown product glucose reduce the rate of polymerization of wild-type neuroserpin and the Ser49Pro mutant that causes dementia [7].

High impact information on ERYTHRITOL

• Somatostatin inhibited the erythritol clearance in the 2 patients studied by approximately 25% [8].
• Erythritol bile-to-plasma ratio was lower and biliary bicarbonate concentration higher in the cirrhotic rats, suggesting some ductular contribution to bile flow even in the absence of secretin [9].
• Flux of the neutral molecule, erythritol from secretory (S) to nutrient (N) fluid increased by 66% and the active transport of Cl- N lead to S decreased from 2.9 to 1.9 microeq/cm2/hr [10].
• Histamine decreased luminal acid loss by both antrum and fundus treated with salicylate, increased the electrical resistance of these tissues, and decreased Jls erythritol of fundic mucosa [11].
• The polyols erythritol and adonitol reduced 45 degrees heat killing in asynchronous Chinese hamster ovary cells [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of ERYTHRITOL

• On the basis of utilization of adipate (-), N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (+), meso-erythritol (-), L-rhamnose (-) and meso-inositol (-) Herbaspirillum frisingense sp. nov. can be distinguished from other known Herbaspirillum spp [13].
• Candida sake was more resistant to water stress with higher intracellular concentration of glycerol and erythritol [14].
• Similarity of the effects of erythritol and xylitol on some risk factors of dental caries [15].
• Gluconobacter frateurii CHM 43 is able to rapidly oxidize meso-erythritol at 37 degrees C leading to the accumulation of L-erythrulose, which may replace dihydroxyacetone in cosmetics [16].
• In the first step, complete oxidation of erythritol to L-erythrulose was achieved by using Gluconobacter frateurii IFO 3254 [17].

Biological context of ERYTHRITOL

• The positive correlation between 2,3-DHBA production and growth in the presence of erythritol was further substantiated by the observation that the addition of erythritol to low-iron cultures of B. abortus 2308 stimulated the production of 2,3-DHBA by increasing the transcription of the dhbCEBA operon [3].
• 1. The development of the blood-brain and blood-c.s.f barriers to lipid insoluble substances of different molecular radii has been studied in fetal sheep, early (60 days) and late (125 days) in gestation, using labelled erythritol (C14), sucrose (3H or 14C), inulin (3H or 14C) and albumin (125I), or albumin and IgG detected by immunoassay [18].
• The apparent dependence on the electron transport system of erythritol catabolism appears to be unique in Brucella and may play an important role in coupling metabolism to active transport and generation of ATP [19].
• Glucose catabolism by cell extracts was inhibited by erythritol, whereas, phosphorylated intermediates of the hexose monophosphate pathway were converted to pyruvic acid with oxygen consumption [20].
• Thus, trehalose fermentation and L-glutamic acid decarboxylation are more useful for separating P. stuartii from P. rettgeri than are D-arabitol and meso-erythritol fermentation [21].

Anatomical context of ERYTHRITOL

• In dogs with pyloric occlusion, to prevent acid from reaching the duodenum, bombesin increased bile flow and bicarbonate output but had no effect on 14C erythritol biliary clearance [22].
• Bonding efficacy of erythritol methacrylate solutions as dentin primers [23].
• At 24 hr, bile flow was decreased in ANIT-treated rats, an effect accompanied by increased tight junction permeability, decreased bile acid excretion, and decreased erythritol clearance (estimate of canalicular flow) [24].
• Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), MC540 fluorescence, erythritol permeability, pressure/area isotherms on lipid monolayers and molecular modeling are used to compare the effect of CS and cholesterol on model phospholipid membranes [25].
• Two metabolites, erythritol and anhydroerythritol, were identified following incubation of BDE with human microsomes, but these metabolites did not fully account for the disappearance of BDE, suggesting that there may be other as yet unidentified routes of metabolism [26].

Associations of ERYTHRITOL with other chemical compounds

• In normal animals, absorption of water and sodium occurred in jejunum, ileum, and colon and a gradient of diminishing permeability from jejunum to ileum to colon for both erythritol and mannitol was observed [1].
• Plasma concentrations of inositol, glycerol, erythritol, sorbitol, and mannose were determined by HPLC analysis [27].
• Thus, for routine assay work, serotyping of P. acnes as based on erythritol and sorbitol fermentation is both practical and applicable [28].
• 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin biosynthesis inhibitors increase erythritol production in Torula corallina, and DHN-melanin inhibits erythrose reductase [29].
• Glycerol, erythritol, and xylitol seem to be involved in osmoregulation [30].

Gene context of ERYTHRITOL

• Interestingly, eryC mutants that were in addition spontaneously erythritol tolerant nevertheless exhibited wild-type-like intramacrophagic and intramurine replication [31].
• The second gene (eryB) encoded an erythritol phosphate dehydrogenase [32].
• Although increasing concentrations of polyols increased protein stability in general, the refolding yields for CS decreased at higher polyol concentrations, with erythritol reducing the folding yields at all concentrations tested [33].
• The ery operon encodes enzymes involved in erythritol metabolism, and a link with virulence has since been discussed [31].
• These data suggest bacteriostasis in the presence of erythritol results from the ATP drain caused by erythritol kinase [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ERYTHRITOL

• Metabolism and disposition of erythritol after oral administration to rats [34].
• Erythrose reductase, a key enzyme that converts erythrose to erythritol in T. corallina, was purified to homogeneity by chromatographic methods, including ion-exchange and affinity chromatography [35].
• The coordination of carbohydrates to metal ions is complicated, and erythritol, chloride ions, nitrates, water molecules, and ethanol (crystallization medium and reaction solvents) have the chance to coordinate to metal ions [36].
• A method was developed for the determination of sugar alcohols, meso-erythritol, xylitol, D-glucitol, D-mannitol, maltitol and parachinit by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [37].
• Germ tube extension rates reflected the percentage germination of conidia, so the most rapid germ tube growth occurred after treatments which produced conidia containing the most glycerol and erythritol [38].

References