Disease relevance of C10197

• EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS: We used high-performance liquid chromatography to fractionate S. baicalensis and identified four compounds capable of inhibiting prostate cancer cell proliferation; baicalein, wogonin, neobaicalein, and skullcapflavone [1].
• On the other hand, wogonin at the doses of 250-1000 microg/ear/3 days potently lowered mRNA levels of COX-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with less effect on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-1beta in a sub-chronic skin inflammation model of tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced ear edema (multiple treatment) [2].
• These in vitro and in vivo effects suggested that baicalein and wogonin might have beneficial effects against benzo[a]pyrene- and AFB(1)-induced hepatic toxicities and that wogonin had a stronger protective effect in vivo [3].
• Baicalein and wogonin reduced benzo[a]pyrene and AFB(1) genotoxicities as monitored by the umuC gene expression response in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 [3].
• We previously reported that wogonin, a flavonoid compound, was a potent apoptosis inducer of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells and murine sarcoma S180 cells [4].

High impact information on C10197

• Wogonin also sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis [5].
• Importantly, wogonin does not affect the viability of normal peripheral blood T cells [5].
• Chinese herbal remedy wogonin inhibits monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells [6].
• Wogonin (Wog), an active component of Scutellaria baicalensis, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [6].
• Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide/12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, but not lipopolysaccharide or 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, induces tumoral invasion and migration in vitro and in vivo, and those are blocked by kaempferol and wogonin addition [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of C10197

• In this paper, the effects of the three active components of the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, i.e. baicalin, baicalein and wogonin, on hemin-nitrite-H2O2 induced liver injury were studied in liver homogenate, liver microsome and human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 cells [8].
• In the present study, the effect of oroxylin A, one wogonin structurally related flavonoid isolated from Scutellariae radix, on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was examined and molecular mechanisms were also investigated [4].
• Different effects of baicalein, baicalin and wogonin on mitochondrial function, glutathione content and cell cycle progression in human hepatoma cell lines [9].
• In the present investigation, we performed molecular studies to assess the apoptotic effects of wogonin and fisetin on hepatocellular carcinoma cells SK-HEP-1 [10].
• The neuroprotective effect of wogonin was further demonstrated in vivo using two experimental brain injury models; transient global ischemia by four-vessel occlusion and excitotoxic injury by systemic kainate injection [11].

Biological context of C10197

• The cytotoxic effects of wogonin and fisetin were accompanied by the dose- and time-dependent appearance of characteristics of apoptosis including DNA fragmentation, apoptotic bodies and the sub-G1 ratio [12].
• SST and wogonin administered to mice increased the CD4/CD8 ratio in hepatic mononuclear cells but not in splenocytes [13].
• Flow cytometric analyses of viability, proliferation, and cell cycle revealed that wogonin suppressed CD8+ T-cell proliferation without inducing cell death [13].
• Furthermore, wogonin dramatically inhibited lipid peroxidation initiated by Fe(2+) and L-ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates [14].
• Wogonin Inhibits IL-6-Induced Angiogenesis via Down-Regulation of VEGF and VEGFR-1, not VEGFR-2 [15].

Anatomical context of C10197

• In this investigation, the effects of wogonin, a potent inhibitor of NO production among the flavonoids tested, on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induction and activity were elucidated further in connection with iNOS, using a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264 [16].
• However, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bad all remained unchanged in wogonin- and fisetin-treated HL-60 cells [12].
• Wogonin inhibits inducible prostaglandin E(2) production in macrophages [17].
• Meanwhile, the cellular activity of fibroblasts was augmented remarkably (40%) by baicalein (2) and slightly by baicalin (3) or wogonin (1) [18].
• Baicalin and wogonin were less effective than baicalein as inhibitors of the serum-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation, indicating that the three hydroxyl groups on positions 5, 6 and 7 seem to be necessary and sufficient for full inhibitory activity against the proliferative response of smooth muscle cells [19].

Associations of C10197 with other chemical compounds

• Further experiments confirmed that Scutellaria radix was responsible for the suppressive effect of HLJDT on myeloma cell proliferation, and the baicalein in Scutellaria radix showed strong growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in comparison with baicalin or wogonin [20].
• We show here that wogonin, derived from the popular Chinese herb Huang-Qin, attenuates NF-kappaB activity by shifting TNFalpha-induced free radical .O(2)(-) to a more reduced nonradical product, H(2)O(2), and thereby sensitizes TNFalpha-resistant leukemia cells to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis [5].
• In contrast, wogonin and luteolin concentration-dependently reduced iNOS enzyme expression, when measured by western blotting, at 10-100 microM [21].
• Oral administration of wogonin (7.5 to 30 mg/kg) elicited an anxiolytic response that was similar to that elicited by diazepam in the elevated plus-maze; a dose-dependent increase in open arm entries and time spent in open arms was observed [22].
• Pretreatment of HL-60 cells with N-acetyl-cysteine or catalase efficiently inhibited H(2)O(2) (200 microM)-induced apoptosis, but showed no inhibitory effect on wogonin- and fisetin-induced DNA ladders, caspase 3 activation, or bax protein induction [12].

Gene context of C10197

• Reporter gene, electrophoretic mobility shift, and Western blotting assays showed that wogonin inhibits MMP-9 gene transcriptional activity by blocking the activation of NF-kappaB via MAPK signaling pathways [23].
• Wogonin suppresses TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression by blocking the NF-kappaB activation via MAPK signaling pathways in human aortic smooth muscle cells [23].
• Suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 expression of skin fibroblasts by wogonin, a plant flavone from Scutellaria radix [24].
• We conclude that wogonin suppresses both in vitro and in vivo LPS-induced angiogenesis, through VEGFR-2, but not VEGFR-1 [25].
• The data suggest that wogonin may inhibit IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression via the suppression of NF-kappaB binding activities [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C10197

• By using RAW 264.7 as an in vitro model, the effects of wogonin on inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and TNF-alpha gene expression were evaluated by ELISA and reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) [27].
• At 200 microg/site/treatment, wogonin caused a 55.3% reduction of prostaglandin E2 production on the dorsal skin compared with an increased production in the TPA-treated control group [28].
• The binding of wogonin to HGG was studied by spectroscopic method including circular dichroism (CD), fourier transformation infrared spectra (FT-IR), fluorescence spectra [29].
• Therefore, present investigation was carried out to find the effect of wogonin on inflammation associated gene expression from skin fibroblasts in culture using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [24].
• The effects of wogonin on the NAT enzymes levels were also examined by Western blotting and flow cytometry and the changes of NAT gene expression were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cDNA microarray [30].

References