Disease relevance of Monosialosyl tetraglycosyl ceramide

• Biological substances with neurotrophic activities, such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and monosialoganglioside GM1, have been considered as agents for diabetic peripheral neuropathy [1].
• Bacterial exotoxins, such as Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), exert strong immunostimulatory effects through binding to monosialoganglioside (GM1) cell surface receptors; however, injection is hampered by local inflammation [2].
• CD4 modulation and inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity induced by monosialoganglioside GM1 in vitro [3].
• We studied the effect of the monosialoganglioside GM1 on cerebral infarction and edema in spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to permanent focal cerebral ischemia [4].
• Monosialoganglioside (GM1) is a glycosphingolipid that protects against some neurological conditions, such as seizures and ischemia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Monosialosyl tetraglycosyl ceramide

• In a double-blind trial, 12 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease were treated for 6 weeks with placebo and 6 weeks with monosialoganglioside (GM1) (100 mg/day i.m.), which potentiates the actions of nerve growth factor [6].
• Monosialoganglioside GM1 (GM1) has been found to alleviate genetic and lesion-induced memory deficits [7].
• Effects of monosialoganglioside GM1 on scopolamine-induced amnesia [8].

High impact information on Monosialosyl tetraglycosyl ceramide

• Monosialoganglioside GM1, but not polysialogangliosides, is tightly associated with immunoprecipitated Trk [9].
• Gangliosides copurified with human and porcine TSH-R migrated between monosialoganglioside GM1 and disialoganglioside GD1a [10].
• Surface binding and subsequent endocytosis of the cholera toxin--enzyme conjugate was inhibited when conjugate and monosialoganglioside (GM1) were simultaneously applied to cells at 4 degrees [11].
• In order to investigate the influence of cholesterol (Ch) and monosialoganglioside (GM1) on the release and subsequent deposition/aggregation of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta)-(1-40) and Abeta-(1-42), we have examined Abeta peptide model membrane interactions by circular dichroism, turbidity measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [12].
• The effect of cholesterol and monosialoganglioside (GM1) on the release and aggregation of amyloid beta-peptide from liposomes prepared from brain membrane-like lipids [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Monosialosyl tetraglycosyl ceramide

• A number of previous studies have demonstrated a positive effect of exogenously administered monosialoganglioside GM1 on striatal dopamine (DA) levels and DA neuron survival in animal models of parkinsonism [13].
• Taurine-induced differentiation was examined in the murine neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cell line in the presence or absence of the monosialoganglioside GM1 and under conditions in which Ca2+ levels were manipulated [14].
• Cholera toxin (CT) from Vibrio cholerae, an 87-kDa AB5 hexameric protein, and its receptor, the monosialoganglioside GM1, a cell membrane glycolipid, self-assembled on phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayer-covered silica particles at 1 CT/5 GM1 molar ratio in perfect agreement with literature [15].

Biological context of Monosialosyl tetraglycosyl ceramide

• Protective effect of monosialoganglioside GM1 against chemically induced apoptosis through targeting of mitochondrial function and iron transport [16].
• Daily i.p. application of a ganglioside mixture from bovine brain (GMix) or of the monosialoganglioside GM1, did not alter significantly the degree and time course of the above regeneration induced metabolic changes or the regain of visual acuity [17].
• Monosialoganglioside GM1 or nerve growth factor treatment equally attenuated deficits in nucleus basalis magnocellularis cell size and cortical choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive fibre length [18].
• The MN- and, to a lesser extent, IIIB-derived peptides also increased CD4 expression on the cell membrane and differentially inhibited CD4 down-regulation induced by the phorbol ester TPA and/or by the monosialoganglioside GM1; the peptides showing no viral infection enhancement had no such effects [19].
• Evidence for the functional role of monosialoganglioside GM1 in synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus [20].

Anatomical context of Monosialosyl tetraglycosyl ceramide

• We show in this report that free monosialoganglioside GM1, following its rapid and saturable binding to the cell membrane of human Jurkat T cells, triggers in a few seconds a sustained elevation of the intracellular free calcium concentration [21].
• We have used serum-deprived cultures of wild type and genetically modified PC12 cells to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which monosialoganglioside (GM1) rescues neuronal cells from apoptotic death elicited by withdrawal of trophic support [22].
• The addition of monosialoganglioside GM1 to serum-free culture medium efficiently and specifically inhibited CD4 antigen expression on normal T lymphocytes from peripheral blood or thymus as well as on cells from H9 and Molt-3 lines; other molecules such as CD3, CD2 and CD8 were not affected [3].
• The entry of the plant toxin ricin and its A- and B-subunits in model membranes in the presence as well as absence of monosialoganglioside (GM1) has been studied [23].
• Exogenously administered monosialoganglioside (GM1) has been shown to have a stimulatory effect on neurite outgrowth and to prevent degeneration of neuronal cells in the central nervous system [24].

Associations of Monosialosyl tetraglycosyl ceramide with other chemical compounds

• When pyramidal neurons were cultured with a subthreshold concentration (2 ng/ml) of CNTF together with 10 microM of the monosialoganglioside GM1 (or its inner ester form) in the same paradigm, the resulting neuronal survival was similar to that seen with 30 ng/ml CNTF in the face of a glutamate challenge [25].
• Incubation of cortical synaptosomes with the monosialoganglioside GM1 prevented the decrease in HACU seen following administration of toxin 7 [26].
• A blue shift of the tryptophan fluorescence emission spectra of cholera toxin or the B protomer is induced by disialoganglioside GD1b with a capacity similar to that of monosialoganglioside GM1 [27].
• Furthermore, the monosialoganglioside GM1 (1-10 microM), although inactive alone, acted synergistically with subthreshold amounts of BDNF to rescue tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells against TOPA neurotoxicity [28].
• About 70% of opioid receptors in CPu and DOR in both cell lines were present in low-density (5-20% sucrose) membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and ganglioside M1 (GM1), characteristics of lipid rafts in plasma membranes [29].

Gene context of Monosialosyl tetraglycosyl ceramide

• AIM: To determine direct protective effect of monosialoganglioside (GM1) on hippocampal slices after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/RP), and investigate the influence on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1) in those hippocampal slices [30].
• This uptake into olfactory regions was monosialoganglioside (GM1) dependent [31].
• In vitro studies have shown that monosialoganglioside GM1 reduces excitatory amino acid-related neurotoxicity by limiting the downstream consequences of abusive excitatory amino acid receptor stimulation [32].
• We evaluated the effects of treatment with the inner ester derivative of the monosialoganglioside GM1 on cortical electroencephalographic activity and hippocampal CA1 morphology after transitory, near-complete cerebral ischemia in rats [33].
• Highly ordered two-dimensional crystals of cholera toxin B-subunit pentamers have been grown by specific interaction with planar lipid films containing monosialoganglioside GM1 [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Monosialosyl tetraglycosyl ceramide

• This study evaluates the effect of exogenously administered monosialoganglioside GM1 on retinal damage induced by transient retinal ischemia and reperfusion [35].
• Intraperitoneal injection of monosialoganglioside GM1 (30 mg/kg) beginning 3 days prior to surgery and continuing for 25 days following surgery appeared to limit the extent and duration of these behavioral effects [36].
• In the present study, the association with poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanospheres and nanocapsules of monosialoganglioside GM1 and other chemically modified gangliosides was investigated with the aim of developing a colloidal drug delivery system suitable for use by the oral route [37].
• In a rat model of painful peripheral mononeuropathy, this study examined the effects of post-injury treatment with a monosialoganglioside, GM1, on abnormal nociceptive behaviors and spinal cord neural activity resulting from loose ligation of the rat common sciatic nerve (chronic constrictive injury, CCI) [38].
• The role of the monosialoganglioside, GM1 as a neuroprotectant in an experimental model of cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest [39].

References