Disease relevance of Tartrazine

• Tartrazine sensitivity in renal failure [1].
• Significance of tartrazine sensitivity in chronic urticaria of unknown etiology [2].
• The subjects showing allergic reactions to tartrazine were then exposed to non-tartrazine-containing brands [3].
• CONCLUSION: Tartrazine allergy should be considered in patients developing drug allergy, because it would require changing the brand rather than stopping treatment with that drug [3].
• CONCLUSION: This study shows that the percentage of acute urticaria and/or angioedema induced by tartrazine is very low (1%) [4].

High impact information on Tartrazine

• Unlike the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tartrazine did not inhibit cyclooxygenase activity in sheep seminal vesicles, guinea pig lung microsomes, and human platelets [5].
• The exact epidemiology and pattern of allergic reactions to tartrazine in psychotropic drugs have not been frequently studied and reported [3].
• The median effective molar doses of the agents were remarkably similar: metabisulfite 0.19 mM, 34.4 mg [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14, 0.27 mM]; tartrazine 0.10 M, 55.0 mg (95% CI 0.05, 0.21 mM); aspirin 0.09 mM, 16.5 mg (95% CI 0.04, 0.19 mM); and salicylate 0.11 mM, 15.3 mg (95% CI 0.05, 0.27 mM) [6].
• The effect of pH on the bleeding of FD&C yellow No. 5 aluminum lake and FD&C red No. 40 aluminum lake was investigated [7].
• Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were characterized and quantitated in normal non-pregnant endometrium and in early pregnancy decidua using H & E and phloxine tartrazine stains and a panel of monoclonal antibodies in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tartrazine

• No previous case of serum sickness related to this drug has been reported in the United States. Tartrazine (yellow dye number 5), a component of furazolidone tablets (Furoxona) manufactured in Latin America countries but no longer included in the drug (Furoxone) in the United States is suggested as a possible cause of serum sickness [9].
• A chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of FD & C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) in mice [10].
• In some cases of chronic urticaria it is suspected that food additives such as tartrazine and sodium benzoate or salicylates may play a role in the pathogenesis of the condition [11].
• Hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and tartrazine in patients with asthma [12].
• We suggest that SRS-A plays an important role in the immediate hypersensitivity reactions of tartrazine and indomethacin in guinea pig trachea [13].

Biological context of Tartrazine

• The dose level of tartrazine in the present study produced a few adverse effects in neurobehavioural parameters during the lactation period in mice [14].
• FD & C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine) was given to Osborne-Mendel rats by gavage at dose levels of 0, 60, 100, 200, 400, 600 or 1000 mg/kg body weight/day on days 0-19 of gestation [15].
• Intestinal absorption of polymeric derivatives of the food dyes sunset yellow and tartrazine in rats [16].
• There were no adverse effects of tartrazine on either litter size, litter weight and sex ratio at birth [14].
• After oral administration of the azo dye tartrazine, bile and feces of treated rats were investigated for mutagenicity using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 with and without metabolic activation [17].

Anatomical context of Tartrazine

• Mutagenic activity of the feces of rats following oral administration of tartrazine [17].
• Studies revealed that guinea-pig ileum was specifically sensitive to tartrazine [18].
• The inclusion bodies were Feulgen-positive and stained orange-red with phloxine tartrazine [19].
• Tartrazine (FD & C Yellow No.5) has been shown to induce chromosomal aberrations in fibroblast cells of Muntiacus muntjac in vitro [20].
• We describe a sensitive and reproducible microassay model using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) for discrimination between the cytotoxic and immunosuppressive effects of food colorants such as amaranth and tartrazine [21].

Associations of Tartrazine with other chemical compounds

• All active and inactive ingredients (sodium benzoate and FD&C Yellow No. 5 dye) can be separated with high-pressure liquid chromatography except the two antihistamines, pheniramine maleate and pyrilamine maleate [22].
• The carcinogenicity of tartrazine (C. I. Food Yellow No. 4, FD & C Yellow No. 5), a food, drug and cosmetics colouring, was examined in F344 rats [23].
• Raw materials, intermediates and subsidiary colours in Food Yellow No. 5 (Sunset Yellow FCF) were determined using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with electrospray ionization [24].
• Comparison of the effects of aspirin, indomethacin and tartrazine on dynamic pulmonary compliance and flow resistance in the guinea pig [25].
• In addition, tartrazine caused LIF release from mononuclear cells of ASA-sensitive asthmatics [11].

Gene context of Tartrazine

• Challenge tests with tartrazine in patients with asthma associated with intolerance to analgesics (ASA-Triad). A comparative study with placebo [26].
• Studies of tartrazine exclusion for other allergic conditions such as hay fever, allergic rhinitis and eczema were only considered if the results for subjects with asthma were separately identified [27].
• Arylsulfatase B, which is an enzyme that inactivates SRS-A, also abolished the contractions induced by tartrazine [13].
• We present a case of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome that occurred in an adult patient who experienced intolerance to the food additives sodium benzoate and tartrazine [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tartrazine

• In a double-blind, crossover study with normal control subjects matched by age and sex 15% (6/40) of aspirin-intolerant individuals had significant adverse reactions to tartrazine challenge and not to the placebo [29].
• Simultaneous analysis of tartrazine and its intermediates by reversed phase liquid chromatography [30].
• A solid-phase radioimmunoassay procedure was adapted for the haptenic study of tartrazine, an azo dye implicated in various forms of allergy [31].
• Patients had then been submitted to the following diagnostic tests: IgE tests to common inhalant allergens and food allergens and a double-blind placebo-controlled challenge with tartrazine [4].
• METHODS: This was a retrospective study based on analysis of data of patients reported to have experienced episodes of urticaria and/or angioedema after ingesting meals or products containing tartrazine [4].

References