Disease relevance of Isoform

• Germline missense mutations affecting KRAS Isoform B are associated with a severe Noonan syndrome phenotype [1].
• Immunologic identification of Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoforms in myocardium. Isoform change in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension [2].
• CD45 Isoform Expression in Microglia and Inflammatory Cells in HIV-1 Encephalitis [3].
• Transgenic Mice Expressing the p75 CCAAT-Displacement Protein/Cut Homeobox Isoform Develop a Myeloproliferative Disease-Like Myeloid Leukemia [4].
• Deletion of Protein Kinase C-{beta} Isoform In Vivo Reduces Renal Hypertrophy but Not Albuminuria in the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mouse Model [5].

Psychiatry related information on Isoform

• Apolipoprotein E associates with beta amyloid peptide of Alzheimer's disease to form novel monofibrils. Isoform apoE4 associates more efficiently than apoE3 [6].

High impact information on Isoform

• Isoforms II (elution pH 8.4), III (elution pH 8.0), and IV (elution pH 7.8) from Gunn rats had normal UDPGT activities, except that Isoform IV was inactive toward bilirubin [7].
• The human colonic monocarboxylate transporter Isoform 1: its potential importance to colonic tissue homeostasis [8].
• Differentiation-Induced Cleavage of Cutl1/CDP Generates a Novel Dominant-Negative Isoform That Regulates Mammary Gene Expression [9].
• The Slow Skeletal Muscle Isoform of Myosin Shows Kinetic Features Common to Smooth and Non-muscle Myosins [10].
• Phosphorylation of a Threonine Unique to the Short C-terminal Isoform of betaII-Spectrin Links Regulation of {alpha}-beta Spectrin Interaction to Neuritogenesis [11].

Biological context of Isoform

• A novel juxtamembrane domain isoform of HER4/ErbB4. Isoform-specific tissue distribution and differential processing in response to phorbol ester [12].
• The Large Isoform of Drosophila melanogaster Heterochromatin Protein 2 Plays a Critical Role in Gene Silencing and Chromosome Structure [13].
• Proteasome Inhibitors Potentiate Etoposide-Induced Cell Death in Human Astrocytoma Cells Bearing a Mutated p53 Isoform [14].
• Upregulation of HERG Channels by the Serum and Glucocorticoid Inducible Kinase Isoform SGK3 [15].
• Our findings suggest that IF3 may be one of the secreted factors that regulate oogenesis and certain liver functions [16].

Anatomical context of Isoform

• Immunocytochemical localization of eight protein kinase C isozymes overexpressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Isoform-specific association with microfilaments, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and nuclear and cell membranes [17].
• Cutting Edge: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1{alpha} and Its Activation-Inducible Short Isoform I.1 Negatively Regulate Functions of CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes [18].
• Identification and characterization of protein kinase CKII isoforms in HeLa cells. Isoform-specific differences in rates of assembly from catalytic and regulatory subunits [19].
• gamma Isoform-selective changes in PKC immunoreactivity after trace eyeblink conditioning in the rabbit hippocampus [20].
• 2. Isoform B and small amounts of isoform A were present in sperm from the vas deferens [21].

Associations of Isoform with other chemical compounds

• New Tick Defensin Isoform and Antimicrobial Gene Expression in Response to Rickettsia montanensis Challenge [22].
• Mechanism of Calmodulin Recognition of the Binding Domain of Isoform 1b of the Plasma Membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase: Kinetic Pathway and Effects of Methionine Oxidation [23].
• Differential Effects of Systemic Ethanol Administration on Protein Kinase C{epsilon}, {gamma}, and beta Isoform Expression, Membrane Translocation, and Target Phosphorylation: Reversal by Chronic Ethanol Exposure [24].
• Albumin and glucose effects on cell growth parameters, albumin uptake and Na(+)/H(+)-exchanger Isoform 3 in OK cells [25].
• Glucocorticoid Regulation of GLT-1 Glutamate Transporter Isoform Expression in the Rat Hippocampus [26].

Gene context of Isoform

• A Truncated Alternative Spliced Isoform of Human Desmoglein 1 Contains a Specific T Cell Epitope Binding to the Pemphigus Foliaceus-Associated HLA Class II DRbeta1*0102 Molecule [27].
• METHODS: Isoform-specific substrate probes of CYP1A2, 2C19, 2C9, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4 were incubated in HLMs or recombinant CYPs with or without TCL [28].
• A modest but significant upregulation of GDNF mRNA levels (Isoform I) was observed in the putamen of Parkinson's disease patients with a marked loss of nigral neurons [29].
• theta Isoform of protein kinase C alters barrier function in intestinal epithelium through modulation of distinct claudin isotypes: a novel mechanism for regulation of permeability [30].
• CMB-22 has a pI of 5.8; CMB-23 has two distinctive isoelectric variants with pIs of 5.4 and 5.2, the latter variant was designated CMB-23 Isoform [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Isoform

• The size difference was also confirmed in Western blots using a monoclonal antibody which binds to both Is and Ic [32].
• 7. Both Isoform types are predictive of AMI by the gold standard, and addition of EKG changes results in a small improvement [33].

References