Disease relevance of EBM

• Intermittent EBM administration was associated with less ocular toxicity than daily EMB administration in this patient population [1].
• In this condition, preformed EBM deficiencies could facilitate endothelial cell migration and sprout formation, leading ultimately to the sequelae of proliferative diabetic retinopathy [2].
• We find that discontinuous EBM staining in the tumour centre is associated with poor tumour differentiation (p less than 0.005), presence of lymph-node metastases (p less than 0.02), and more advanced Dukes stage (p less than 0.02) [3].
• To further assess the significance of EBM deficiencies in different tumour areas, we carried out a detailed study of the basement membrane laminin immunostaining patterns in 130 cases of colorectal carcinoma [3].
• EBM/11 reactivity in malignant histiocytosis [4].

Psychiatry related information on EBM

• EBM may better incorporate patients' values into clinical decision making, and this may be especially important in anesthesiology, where we are in need of valid evidence about important clinical issues such as preoperative testing and postoperative analgesia [5].
• DATA SOURCES: Literature was identified using MEDLINE (1966-February 2004), EMBASE, and all EBM Reviews with the terms quinolones, substance abuse detection, opiates, cross-reactions, false-positive reactions, and each fluoroquinolone [6].
• There is also a concern that a reliance on EBM in health policy will occur at the expense of widely shared social values like equity and solidarity [7].
• EBM, as so far expounded, reflects a problem-solving attitude that results in a heavy concentration on RCTs and meta-analyses, rather than a broad decision making focus that concentrates on meeting all the requirements of a good clinical decision [8].
• Four cerebral-palsied children participated in the following ABAB design: speech and motor pre-electrophysiologic behavior modification (EMB) evaluation; frontal EMG EMB, six weeks; speech and motor post-EBM evaluation; six weeks no training; speech and motor reevaluation; EMG EBM, four weeks; speech and motor evaluation [9].

High impact information on EBM

• Expression of mRNA and protein localized to infiltrating macrophages defined by the antibody EBM/11 in adjacent sections and using 2-colour immunofluorescence [10].
• At the tumour periphery, extensive EBM discontinuity shows no association with lymph-node involvement, but is linked with deeper local invasion (p less than 0.05) [3].
• The latter association is strengthened by excluding cases in which numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are present adjacent to EBM breaks, suggesting that these inflammatory cells are a confounding factor [3].
• METHODS: OSE was cultured in media 199/MDCB105 or EBM (Clonetics) with 2% or 10% fetal bovine serum with or without 10 ng/mL EGF, 1.0 microg/mL HC, and 1.0 microg/mL bovine brain extract [11].
• Future studies to critically evaluate the practice of EBM in anesthesiology and critical care would be helpful [5].

Biological context of EBM

• OBJECTIVE: To assess the attitudes of practicing general internists toward evidence-based medicine (EBM-defined as the process of systematically finding, appraising, and using contemporaneous research findings as the basis for clinical decisions) and their perceived barriers to its use [12].
• Outside of internal medicine, the literature suggesting that the practice of EBM improves outcomes is sparse, though increasing [5].
• Thirty-four premature infants who were appropriate for gestational age and weighing less than 1500 g at birth were fed "preemie" SMA-24 formula, "preemie" SMA-24 formula manufactured to contain C20 and C22 omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids (LCPE-SMA), or expressed milk (EBM) [13].
• An EBM/11 positive phenotype, therefore, is shared by microglia and macrophages and suggests that microglial cells form a specialised part of the mononuclear phagocyte system [14].
• Journal clubs and EBM in emergency medicine [15].

Anatomical context of EBM

• We examined interspecies reactivities of eight anti-human monocyte/macrophage monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), Am-3K, PM-2K, X4, X14, Ber-MAC3, GHI/61, EBM/11, and KP1, with various animal tissues including rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, goats, pigs, bovines, horses, and monkeys [16].
• Feeding LCPE-SMA or EBM results in a balanced incorporation of C20 and C22 omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids into phospholipids derived from the liver or perhaps the small intestine [13].
• This study opens a new area for the specific identification by EBM/11 of mononuclear phagocyte system cells in archival biopsy specimens [17].
• In type A vessels, ECM expansion is manifested by loosely arranged combinations of concentric PCM layers and collagen fibrils with thickened subendothelial (EBM) and pericyte (PBM) BM leaflets [18].
• Microglial cells and osteoclasts also labelled with EBM/11 [19].

Associations of EBM with chemical compounds

• Among spindle cells negative for the endothelial markers, there were many macrophages as a stromal reaction to tumor tissue, identified by monoclonal antibodies to macrophages (KiM 6, 7, 8 and EBM 11), acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase [20].
• When first reported, EBM/11 reacted with mononuclear phagocyte system cells only in fresh frozen sections, but it has been shown to have similar cellular specificity in routine formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue [17].
• EBM rating: B-3 [21].
• EBM in AFP [22].
• EBM/11 positivity and resistance of acid phosphatase to high doses of tartrate strongly suggest that both mononuclear and giant cells belong to the same lineage [23].

Other interactions of EBM

• In five cases the PTCs showed weaker positive reactions for CD 68 (EBM 11) and HLA-DR than for T-zone macrophages and sinus histiocytes [24].
• Normal and diseased human central nervous system (CNS) tissues were studied immunohistochemically by a monoclonal antibody to human macrophages (EBM/11), antisera to glial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP), and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) [14].
• It is concluded that EBM-based concepts such as NNT (number needed to treat), absolute risk and relative risk fall short in ensuring real benefit for the patient [25].
• SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched CENTRAL (Cochrane Library Issue 3 2001), MEDLINE (1966 to November 2001), EMBASE (1980 to November 2001), PsycInfo (1887 to November 2001), CINAHL (1982 to November 2001), AMED (1985 - October 2001), Dissertation Abstracts International (1861 to March 2002) and EBM Reviews (1991 to March/April 2001) [26].
• POM + EBM = CPD [27]?

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of EBM

• A reverse haemolytic plaque assay, to detect and quantify LZM release by individual cells was combined with quantitative immunocytochemistry using LZM and the pan-macrophage monoclonal EBM/11 as markers [28].
• Nevertheless, EBM will need to supplement rather than substitute for other approaches to patient care and teaching [5].
• In this study, a reverse haemolytic plaque assay for LZM secretion is coupled with immunocytochemistry for the pan macrophage (CD68) marker, EBM/11 [29].
• Fibrous plaques and intimal thickenings of 5 femoral and 5 iliac human arteries obtained at surgery were processed for indirect and double-labeling immunoelectron microscopy using an affinity purified rabbit IgG anti-C5b-9 neoantigen and the EBM 11 monoclonal antibody anti-human macrophages [30].
• Meta-analysis, the next most important level of evidence in EBM, may be unreliable, sometimes giving different results to subsequent large randomised trials [31].

References