Disease relevance of RGN

• The hepatoma cells (wild type) and stable regucalcin/pCXN2 transfectants were cultured for 72 h in a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to obtain subconfluent monolayters [1].
• Human liver regucalcin, consisting of 299 amino-acid residues, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized by the vapour-diffusion method in the presence of polyethylene glycol 4000 as a precipitant [2].
• Up to now a comparable protocol was lacking for the RC of Rhodopseudomonas viridis despite the fact that its Q(A) site, which contains 2-methyl-3-nonaprenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menaquinone-9), has provided the best x-ray structure available [3].
• [Okamura, M. Y., Isaacson, R. A., & Feher, G. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3491-3495], who were able to extract with detergents the firmly bound ubiquinone Q(A) from the RC of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and reconstitute the site with extraneous quinones [3].

Psychiatry related information on RGN

• An expanded variant of the model formed the theoretical framework for this study which aimed to explore and compare the problem-solving skills of senior student nurses (n=253) from three pre-registration nurse education programmes (RGN, diploma RN, integrated degree) [4].

High impact information on RGN

• Rana catesbeiana ribonuclease (RC-RNase) is a pyrimidine-guanine sequence-specific ribonuclease found in R. catesbeiana (bullfrog) oocytes [5].
• DNA sequence analysis showed that RC-RNase had approximately 45% identity to that of RNase superfamily genes [5].
• RC and RF bound to LXRs, but had different abilities to recruit a coactivator and thereby induce transactivation [6].
• Despite its unique subtype-selective activity, RC enhanced ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression and cellular cholesterol efflux in THP-1 cells [6].
• This study demonstrates that overexpression of regucalcin has suppressive effects on cell responses which are mediated through intracellular signaling pathways of TNF-alpha or TGF-beta1 in kidney NRK52E cells [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of RGN

• This study demonstrates that overexpression of regucalcin enhances glucose utilization and lipid production in the cloned rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells, and that it regulates the effect of insulin [8].

Biological context of RGN

• The finding further supports that regucalcin plays an important role as a suppressor in the enhancement of cell proliferation [1].
• These results indicate that SMP30 has an important physiological function as a participant in cell-to-cell interactions and imply that the down-regulation of SMP30 during the aging process contributes to the deterioration of cellular interactivity [9].
• Senescence marker protein-30 regulates Akt activity and contributes to cell survival in Hep G2 cells [10].
• Regucalcin is a novel calcium ion (Ca(2+)) binding protein that does not contain an EF-hand motif as a Ca(2+)-binding domain and has been demonstrated to play a multi-functional role in many cell types [2].
• We also discuss hypothetical role(s) of SMP30 in aging and Ca2+ homeostasis [11].

Anatomical context of RGN

• We therefore propose that interplay between CaM and SMP30 regulates Akt activity, and thus SMP30 acts as a survival factor in hepatocytes [10].
• Clearly, bile canaliculi with microvilli formed at the apical ends of Hep G2/SMP30 cells [9].
• Subsequently, transmission electron microscopy revealed that groups of Hep G2/SMP30 cells exhibited bile canaliculi and possessed specialized adhesion contacts, such as tight junctions and desmosomes, at interplasmic membranes [9].
• Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) is highly expressed in cytosol of hepatocytes, and its amount decreases with aging [10].
• To elucidate the physiological functions of SMP30, we transfected human SMP30 cDNA into the human hepatoma cell line, Hep G2 [9].

Associations of RGN with chemical compounds

• Further, trifluoperazine inhibited Akt activation in SMP30 transfectants [10].
• Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) is an androgen-independent factor that decreases with aging [9].
• When cells were exposed to 20 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plus 10 ng/ml actinomycin D (Act-D) for 15 h, the viability of cells was decreased in both SMP30 and mock transfectants [10].
• Overexpression of regucalcin suppresses cell response for tumor necrosis factor-alpha or transforming growth factor-beta1 in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells [7].
• The effect of TNF-alpha (0.1 or 1.0 ng/ml), LPS (0.1 or 1.0 microg/ml), Bay K 8644 (10(-7)-10(-6) M), or thapsigargin (10(-7) M) in decreasing the number of wild-type cells cultured for 24-72 h was significantly prevented in transfectants overexpressing regucalcin [12].

Regulatory relationships of RGN

• Double-immunostaining was performed to examine whether moesin and ZO-1 were expressed in bile canaliculi with microvilli at the apical regions of Hep G2/SMP30 cells [9].

Other interactions of RGN

• Western blot analyses revealed that Akt, which acts as a survival factor in cells, was activated in SMP30, but not mock, transfectants either in the presence or absence of TNF-alpha plus Act-D [10].
• The intensity of moesin and ZO-1 staining in the contact regions of each cell was markedly higher in Hep G2/SMP30 than in control cells [9].
• Up-regulated genes were associated with growth factor (example, amphiregulin), cell-cycle check point (MAPKAPK2), intracellular signaling pathway (regucalcin), and angiogenesis stimulation (angiopoietin 2) [13].
• AFP, a homologue of the mammalian calcium-binding liver protein regucalcin (senescence marker protein-30), exhibits a strong binding affinity for a naturally occurring C-terminal cleavage fragment of the hexamerin receptor precursor (the P30 peptide) and other receptor cleavage products that contain P30 [14].
• Overexpression of regucalcin suppresses apoptotic cell death in cloned normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells: Change in apoptosis-related gene expression [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of RGN

• Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of human liver regucalcin [2].
• Ultrastructural studies by scanning electron microscopy revealed numerous microvilli covering the surfaces of Hep G2/SMP30 cells, whereas few microvilli appeared on control cells [9].
• Given these areas of similarity the authors argue there is a case for reconsidering if the RGN qualification is an essential requirement for working within palliative care or if those with other skills -- skills based on 'being with' rather than 'doing for' -- such as RMNs, should be thought of for such roles [15].
• A study of the teaching of nursing research using the project method to post-basic registered nurses on ENB course 100 (general intensive care nursing for RGN) [16].
• Regucalcin concentration in the serum of patients with chronic liver injury was estimated by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) with rabbit-anti-regucalcin IgG [17].

References