Disease relevance of Flushing

• Similarly concentrations of CA-125 were significantly lower in flushings from recurrent miscarriage women compared to controls on both day LH + 10 (median: 1555, range: 47-6710 U/ml versus median: 6385.5, range 2884-27 731 U/ml, P < 0.01) and LH+12 (median: 2892, range: 956-9974 U/ml versus median: 7127.5, range: 1591-21 343 U/ml; P < 0.05) [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Patients with unexplained infertility have reduced concentrations of PP14 in uterine flushings but not in plasma samples as compared with normal fertile women [2].
• Uterine flushings and fluids contained an anionic factor(s) that at 4 degrees C competed with 125I-labelled mouse EGF for binding to EGF receptors on an endometrial carcinoma cell line and stimulated DNA synthesis in Balb/c mouse 3T3 fibroblasts [3].

High impact information on Flushing

• A factor prsent in uterine flushings of gilts stimulates the conversion of highly pruified boar proacrosin to acrosin [4].
• Pig uterine luminal flushings contained a heparin-binding growth factor (HBGF) that required 0.8 M NaCl for elution from heparin columns and was termed HBGF-0 [5].
• Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has revealed the presence of a group of relatively acidic proteins of molecular weight about 22,000 in the uterine flushings of pseudopregnant pigs [6].
• The progesterone-induced purple phosphatase isolated from the uterine flushings of pigs is activated by a variety of reagents that cleave disulfide bonds, including 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, L-ascorbate, L-cysteine, sulfite, and cyanide [7].
• Analysis of uterine flushings from hCG-treated animals revealed that a minimum of 7 days of hCG treatment was required for glycodelin to be detectable in the uterine lumen [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Flushing

• The anti-serum used in this study was obtained 6 weeks after the initial injection and cross-reacted with antigens on Western blots of oviduct flushings and oviduct culture media obtained from follicular stage and estradiol-treated baboons [9].
• Concentrations of retinol and RBP increased 7- to 8-fold (P less than 0.01) in flushings where filamentous conceptuses were present [10].
• Uterine luminal flushings were obtained from cyclic cows (Days 2-20 of estrous cycle) and early pregnant cows (Days 17-22) [11].
• Total recoverable glucose was greater (P less than 0.01) in uterine flushings from pregnant gilts, but pregnancy status had no effect on total recoverable glucose in pony mare uterine flushings [12].
• Fructose was undetectable in uterine flushings from nonpregnant gilts and pony mares and pregnant gilts and pony mares prior to Day 14, but occurred in increasing amounts between Days 14 and 18 or 20 of pregnancy [12].

Biological context of Flushing

• Protein arrays of uterine flushings showed significant suppression of death receptors, Fas and TNF receptor 1, in the hCG- with or without IL-1beta-treated groups, suggesting an inhibition of apoptosis [13].
• Uterine flushings from sows in the late luteal phase of the cycle were more effective than mid-cycle flushings in inhibiting progesterone secretion by the luteal tissue: maximal inhibition was 65% and progesterone secretion slowly returned to control levels when superfusion with the flushings was stopped [14].
• Concentration of endometrial protein PP14 in uterine flushings throughout the menstrual cycle in normal, fertile women [15].
• Progesterone was determined by radioimmunoassay either after ethanol (or 2.5% NaOH) denaturation of proteins from uterine flushings ('total' progesterone) or without protein denaturation ('ether-extractable' progesterone) [16].
• The protein content of mouse uterine flushings during pseudopregnancy [17].

Anatomical context of Flushing

• Embryos collected from oviductal and uterine flushings were graded for quality, and uteri and ovaries were fixed in formalin [18].
• Uterine flushings (UF) and endometrium were obtained from ovariectomized untreated animals, ovariectomized animals treated with E (approximately 5-10 pg/ml) for 6 days (6E) and ovariectomized animals primed with E for 6 days then treated with P (approximately 1.5-3 ng/ml), in the continued presence of E, for an additional 6 days (6EP) [19].
• Folate binding was measured by incubation of aliquots of uterine flushings, allantoic fluid, or placental microsomal membranes with 0.5-4 nM [(3)H]folate [20].
• An estrogen-dependent polypeptide (CUPED), which was purified from uterine flushings of estrogen-treated cats, was localized in endometrial epithelial cells of cats using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical staining procedure [21].
• Concentrations of progesterone in plasma and amounts of ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1), protein, and prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in uterine flushings were determined [22].

Gene context of Flushing

• In women suffering from recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, the concentration of MUC1 in flushings was significantly lower than in the controls on day LH + 10 [23].
• Concentrations of MMP-2 (P < 0.001), MMP-9 (P < 0.05) and TIMP-1 (P < 0.001) in the flushings from post-menopausal control women were lower than those from pre-menopausal women [24].
• By means of western blot analysis one 18 kDa aFGF and two bFGF proteins (16 and 18 kDa, respectively) were detected in oviductal flushings [25].
• Finally, N-terminal amino acid sequencing of FBP purified from Day 15 pregnant uterine flushings matched the secreted form of FBP mRNA [26].
• Concentrations of IGFBP-1 in uterine flushings did not change on either day [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Flushing

• Quantification of an estrogen-dependent cat uterine protein (CUPED) in uterine flushings of estrogen- and progesterone-treated ovariectomized cats by radioimmunoassay [28].
• Immunoblotting indicated that FBP concentrations increased in uterine flushings from both pregnant and nonpregnant gilts between Days 10 and 15 [29].
• Analysis of GSH and total protein of oviduct flushings, quantified by HPLC and the Bradford method, respectively, revealed 51 nmol GSH per mg total protein [30].
• OPN protein was localized to the LE and GE by immunofluorescence; however, only the 70-kDa OPN was detected in uterine flushings [31].
• Uterine flushings were collected as a function of time after the LH peak and were analysed using a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for MUC1 [23].

References