Disease relevance of VITAMIN K1

• Anaphylactic shock and vitamin K1 [1].
• The ability of confluent monolayers of H-35 cells, originally obtained from a rat hepatoma, to synthesize prothrombin in response to vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) was studied [2].
• Vitamin K deficiency reduces bone gammaCGlu concentrations by 50% in 3-week-old chicks, and this is totally corrected by including vitamin K1 in the diet [3].
• Both warfarin-induced reduction in vitamin K function and lowered vitamin K1 concentrations are probable causes of this osteopenia [4].
• However, little is known about the effects of hydrogenation on other components, such as vitamin K. Low phylloquinone (vitamin K1) intake is a potential risk factor for bone fracture, although the mechanisms of this are unknown [5].

Psychiatry related information on VITAMIN K1

• This report should increase the awareness of pathologists and clinicians when examining a patient with a history of drug abuse who exhibits persistent vitamin K1-dependent coagulopathy [6].
• The 100-mg dose of vitamin K1 shortened the therapeutic response time to 12 hours and the PT reversal time to 24 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[7]

High impact information on VITAMIN K1

• Electron transfer across membranes using vitamin K1 and coenzyme Q10 as carrier molecules [8].
• A novel role for vitamin K1 in a tyrosine phosphorylation cascade during chick embryogenesis [9].
• Using a chick embryogenesis model, we now demonstrate the existence of a vitamin K1-dependent protein-tyrosine phosphorylation cascade involving c-Eyk, a member of the Tyro 12 family, and key intracellular proteins, including focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK), paxillin, and pp60src [9].
• The vitamin K1 depletion period had no significant effect on either prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, or Factor VII and protein C (as determined by antigenic and functional assays) [10].
• Initial velocities for vitamin K1 epoxide reduction in rat and human microsomes were 20 and 32 pmol/mg X min, respectively [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of VITAMIN K1

• The binding sites of quinones in photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers investigated by light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy: assignment of the QA vibrations in Rhodobacter sphaeroides using 18O- or 13C-labeled ubiquinone and vitamin K1 [12].
• This metabolite is formed from the vitamin K epoxide, not from the vitamin K quinone and can represent up to 3.5% of dose and 13% of hexane-extractable metabolites present in liver 1 hour after injection of 330 micrograms vitamin K1 epoxide per kilogram body weight [13].
• Testolactone, sulindac, warfarin, and vitamin K1 for unresectable desmoid tumors [14].
• Latamoxef-associated hypoprothrombinemia was readily reversible by 1 mg of vitamin K1 given intravenously, but hypoprothrombinemia and sub-normal plasma vitamin K1 could recur within two to three days [15].
• Factor VII activity and factor VII cross-reacting material (CRM) in plasma of patients with liver cirrhosis have been studied before and after vitamin K1 parenteral administration [16].

Biological context of VITAMIN K1

• The precise regulation of vitamin K1-dependent regulatory pathways would appear to be critical for orderly embryogenesis [9].
• These patients, who presented with bleeding disorders due to deficiency of the vitamin K-dependent blood clotting proteins, were refractory to vitamin K1 at standard doses and required fresh frozen plasma to control bleeding until large doses of vitamin K1 were used [17].
• Antibody-combining sites can be mimicked synthetically. Surface-simulation synthesis of the immunoglobulin new combining site to the gamma-hydroxyl derivative of vitamin K1 [18].
• Experiments with the substrate vitamin K1 hydroquinone also displayed non-Michaelis-Menten kinetics, as maximal activity was reached prematurely in relation to behavior at lower concentrations [19].
• Disulfide-dependent Protein Folding Is Linked to Operation of the Vitamin K Cycle in the Endoplasmic Reticulum: A PROTEIN DISULFIDE ISOMERASE-VKORC1 REDOX ENZYME COMPLEX APPEARS TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR VITAMIN K1 2,3-EPOXIDE REDUCTION [20].

Anatomical context of VITAMIN K1

• We have studied the mechanism of transport of lipoproteins labeled with [3H]-phylloquinone (vitamin K1 [K1]) into osteoblasts using both tumor-derived cell lines and normal osteoblast-rich cell populations [21].
• Dietary vitamin K1 is known to be transported in the circulation as part of CM/CR and is required by osteoblasts as an essential co-factor for the gamma-carboxylation of bone matrix proteins [22].
• At least one other enzyme besides vitamin K1 epoxide reductase in beef liver microsomes also metabolizes all of these analogues [23].
• Despite elevated vitamin K1 concentrations, supplemented fetuses and neonates showed no increase in total or coagulant prothrombin activity [24].
• The effect of maternal administration of vitamin K1 on cord blood prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, activity of factors II, VII, and X, and antigen levels of factors II and X in infants less than 35 weeks' gestation was evaluated [25].

Associations of VITAMIN K1 with other chemical compounds

• INTERVENTIONS: Withholding 1 or 2 doses of warfarin, administering 2.5 mg of oral vitamin K1, measuring the INR after 24 to 48 hours, and adjusting the warfarin dose [26].
• Deficiency in Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) Methylation Affects Prenyl Quinone Distribution, Photosystem I Abundance, and Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Arabidopsis AtmenG Mutant [27].
• None of the patients had clinically apparent bleeding at the time of the INR measurement, and none received phytonadione (vitamin K1) [28].
• If gamma-carboxylation, by the vitamin K1 - cycle, of glutamate residues of bone-matrix peptides is essential for the formation of bone, the circulating levels of this vitamin might indicate the potential efficiency of this process [29].
• With 3 and 6 h of 10 micrograms vitamin K1 treatment secreted prothrombin antigen levels, relative to total secreted protein levels, were increased 1.5-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively, over ethanol-treated control levels as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [30].

Gene context of VITAMIN K1

• Expression of LRP1 by human osteoblasts: a mechanism for the delivery of lipoproteins and vitamin K1 to bone [22].
• CONCLUSION: Human osteoblasts express receptors of the LDLR family with a capacity for vitamin K1 uptake through CR endocytosis, a novel mechanism for the delivery of dietary lipids and lipophilic vitamins to human bone [22].
• These individuals had normal vitamin-K dependent coagulation factor activities and undetectable serum PIVKAII and vitamin K1 2,3 epoxide suggesting that their basal vitamin K epoxide reductase activity was not adversely affected by the VKORC1 Val66Met substitution [31].
• Supplemental vitamin K1 will ensure adequate supplies for hepatic saturation and thus the production of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X, plus the anticoagulants protein C, protein S, and protein Z. But this is not the entire story [32].
• A positive correlation exists between plasma vitamin K1 and BGP for patient group A alone, but not for group B alone [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of VITAMIN K1

• RESULTS: In 68 of 71 patients (96%), oral vitamin K1 lowered the INR from between 5.0 and 10.0 to less than 5.0 without inducing resistance to further anticoagulation [26].
• Vitamin K1-enriched CR (CR-K1) were generated in vivo after oral vitamin administration and vitamin K1 uptake by osteoblasts was measured by HPLC [22].
• A specific and sensitive method based on high-performance liquid chromatography to measure vitamin K1 in rat liver is described [34].
• A partially purified, 200S submicrosomal fraction exhibiting thiol-dependent vitamin K1 (vitamin K) and epoxide reductase activities has been isolated by partial solubilization of rat hepatic microsomes with sodium cholate and separation by centrifugation at 105 000 g into a discontinuous sucrose gradient [35].
• In a randomized placebo-controlled intervention study, 181 postmenopausal women were given either a placebo or a supplement containing minerals and vitamin D (MD-group), or the same supplement with vitamin K1 (MDK-group) [36].

References