Disease relevance of National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

• A study by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC) found neurobehavioral toxicity to be one of the areas where almost no data are available for the assessment of toxicity [1].
• In a recently published report, the National Academy of Sciences indicated that the perchlorate dose required to cause hypothyroidism in adults would probably be > 0.40 mg/kg-day for months or longer [2].
• HIV and the blood supply: an analysis of crisis decision making. Executive summary. The Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences Committee to Study HIV Transmission Through Blood and Blood Products [3].
• The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences recently proposed that successful long-term weight loss be defined as the reduction of initial weight by 5% or more and the maintenance of this loss for at least 1 year [4].
• SPONSORSHIP: This study received financial support from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI-26497), the US-Israel Bi-national Science Foundation (BSF 90-00257), and the National Academy of Sciences/Institute of Medicine (AID/ANE 0158-G-SS-9035-00) [5].

High impact information on National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

• The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences has called for public and private purchasers of health care to create incentives for physician organizations (POs) to use CMPs and for the government to assist POs in implementing information technology (IT) to facilitate CMP use [6].
• The basal diet, a standard commercial mouse chow containing more vitamin A than the National Research Council recommends as a daily allowance for rodents, supported normal growth, reproduction, and longevity of normal mice [7].
• The Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission was established in Hiroshima in 1947 and in Nagasaki in 1948 under the auspices of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences to initiate a long-term and comprehensive epidemiological and genetic study of the atomic bomb survivors [8].
• The current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C, as proposed by the Food and Nutrition Board/National Research Council in 1980 and reconfirmed in 1989, is 60 mg daily for nonsmoking adult males [9].
• Finally, this review attempts to examine the needs for better information using as a basis the concerns briefly mentioned in the recent NRC report "Copper in Drinking Water" (National Research Council, 2000) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

• Results obtained in Experiments 1 and 3 showed that neither body weight nor feed efficiency was reduced by feeding either 15 or 12% protein diets as long as these diets contained the National Research Council (NRC, 1977) recommended level of methionine and lysine [11].
• No toxicity studies exist for acute or human ingestion, but the National Academy of Sciences lists 363 mg/d of FD&C Blue No. 1 as a safe level for humans [12].
• The five entities are not recognized in the "standard for the classification of dental fluorosis" by the National Academy of Sciences. Since this classification it too limited and superficial, adherence to this standard has left severe cases of fluoride intoxication in cattle undetected in field surveys [13].

Biological context of National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

• Female rats were maintained throughout gestation on a control diet containing 400% of the National Research Council (NRC) recommendation for pyridoxine and transferred to purified diets containing 400, 100, 75, 50, 25, or 0% of the NRC recommendations for B6 during lactation [14].
• The proposed method was applied to determination of nitrite and nitrate in a proposed certified reference material for nutrients in seawater, MOOS-1, distributed by the National Research Council of Canada. Results agreed with the assigned tolerance interval [15].
• The Impact of Biology on Risk Assessment--workshop of the National Research Council's Board on Radiation Effects Research. July 21-22, 1997, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC [16].
• (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 84:9145, 1987); thereby revealing a HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism at the HLA-G locus [17].
• This paper critically examines the National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council report on the toxicological effects of methyl mercury and the recently published US Environmental Protection Agency Reference Dose (RfD) for Methylmercury [18].

Anatomical context of National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

• We fed female rats (218 g, 7 per group) 1 (control), 10, 100, 175 or 250x) the National Research Council recommended level of pyridoxine HCl (7 mg/kg) for 10 wk and measured serum amino acids, amino acids and neurotransmitters in brain regions and the binding properties of serotonin receptors in the cerebral cortex using a ketanserin binding assay [19].

Associations of National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) with chemical compounds

• A current look at the rationale of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences [20].
• The tissues of human subjects assayed for a higher level of vitamin D than the tissues of 6-month-old swine which had been fed a commercial ration containing 14 times more vitamin D3 than the National Research Council recommended requirement for growing swine [21].
• The amount of sodium exceeds National Research Council (NRC) recommendations, but the amount of cholesterol is within the recommended range [22].
• Mean daily Se intake was 8.8 micrograms/day with a range of 2.3-35.5 micrograms/day, and was far below the recommended range of safe and adequate Se intake of 50-200 micrograms Se/day (National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council) [23].
• Though the infant Se intakes of the unsupplemented and selenite-supplemented mothers were below the lower limit of the safe and adequate range as set by the US National Research Council, their serum Se concentrations increased steadily over the 6-mo study period [24].

Gene context of National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

• Dietary supplementation, with a 15-fold increase in vitamin E (160 IU/l) in the liquid diet (National Research Council), modulated interleukin-2 (IL) production in both uninfected mice and retrovirus-infected mice [25].
• In 1984 we initiated a national external quality assessment (EQA) program (supported by the Italian National Research Council, CNR) for the CEA assay; at present, about 200 Italian laboratories are participating in the program [26].
• Opiate-directed inhibition of NG108-15 adenylate cyclase has recently been shown to exhibit a similar requirement for GTP and Na+ [Blume, A. J., Lichtshtein, D. and Boone, G. (1979) Proc. National Academy of Sciences, USA, in press] [27].
• After 8 mo, the following incidences of colon tumors (total) were seen: 0.2% Ca, 56%; 0.5% Ca [National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC) recommended level], 75%; 1.0% Ca, 61%; 2.0% Ca, 41% [28].
• Rats were fed experimental diets containing amino acid (AA) mixtures in which the concentrations of all EAA were at levels recommended by the National Research Council (control), in which a single EAA was restricted to 20% of that of the control diets (Leu(-), Lys(-), Met(-) or Thr(-)), or in which the diet was devoid of amino acids (AA(-)) [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

• In 1991, the National Academy of Sciences' Institute of Medicine defined, endorsed, and called for the implementation of the computerized patient record (CPR) by 2001 [30].
• Within the Targeted Programme of the Italian National Research Council "Preventive and Rehabilitative Medicine" subproject: Risk Factors, organized in nine centers on a national scale, the Operative Unit of Palermo carried out a transverse epidemiological study on a randomized population sample of western Sicily: Casteldaccia, 1984 [31].
• According to guidance from the U.S. National Research Council (NRC 2000), destruction and strong immobilization are the naturally occurring processes that achieve a realistic objective: containing the contaminant relatively nears its source, thereby minimizing exposure risks [32].

References