Disease relevance of Crown-Rump Length

• In the current studies, indices of somatic growth [body weight, crown-rump length (CRL), and testis size (testicular volume index)] and circulating concentrations of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), cortisol, and Sm-C were determined (n = 208) in 86 male and female chimpanzees during a 1-yr period [1].
• For viable conceptuses, ethanol consumption reduced (p < 0.01) fetal weight, fetal crown-rump length, placental weight and volume of placental (chorio-allantoic + amniotic) fluid [2].
• DESIGN: Serial measurements of FHR, crown-rump length (CRL) and beta-hCG at weekly intervals throughout the first trimester in 67 consecutive conceptions, resulting from infertility treatment [3].
• In addition, there was no significant correlation between intertwin disparities in crown-rump length and intertwin disparities in birth weight in either the monochorionic (P = .40, Rho = 0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.17, 0.22) or dichorionic group (P = .44, Rho = 0.01, 95% CI -0.11, 0.09) [4].
• Ultrasound examination at 9 weeks of gestation in a 34-year-old primigravida showed a twin pregnancy, with discrepancy in the sizes of the two gestational sacs, whereas the crown-rump lengths and fetal heart rates were virtually identical-the result being an abnormal sac size/crown-rump length ratio (early oligohydramnios) [5].

High impact information on Crown-Rump Length

• Early fetal growth, assessed by crown-rump length on ultrasonographic examination, was not affected by caffeine [6].
• Embryos from mannose-infused mothers displayed significant retardations in somite number, crown-rump length, and total protein and DNA content [7].
• Lean body mass and crown-rump length were also slightly (11 and 5%, respectively) increased, as was serum IGF-I [8].
• Pregnant mice were treated with retinoic acid and the extent of caudal regression in mouse embryos, measured in terms of the ratio of tail length to crown-rump length was assessed [9].
• When vitamin E was administered no changes in these parameters were observed in C and D + I animals; however, in the D mothers it reduced the rate of embryo malformations to 4.6% and increased the crown-rump length and the number of somites [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Crown-Rump Length

• We have previously shown that administration of progesterone during early pregnancy in sheep enhances fetal weight and crown-rump length [11].
• Concomitant administration of vitamin E significantly attenuated VPA induced decrease in the fetal weight, crown rump length and malformations [12].
• The results obtained show that maternal nicotine exposure had no influence on body weight, chest circumference, crown-rump length, and lung volume, but resulted in bigger alveolar volumes and suppressed alveolarization in the lungs of the offspring [13].
• Fetal weights, carcass weights and skeletal growth, as measured by crown-rump length and tibial length of STZ-treated fetuses, were significantly reduced by 7-13% [14].
• Following triamcinolone treatment the reorientation of the palatal shelves was delayed before there was any general retardation of fetal growth (as indicated by crown-rump length and body weight) [15].

Biological context of Crown-Rump Length

• Using indwelling crown-rump length (CRL)-measuring devices, the growth rate of sheep fetuses was monitored during late gestation and after experimental manipulation of fetal plasma cortisol by exogenous infusion and fetal adrenalectomy [16].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histology and immunohistochemistry (Masson's Trichromic, Luxol Fast Blue, Protein S 100 immunostaining and smooth fiber actin immunostaining) were performed on the external urethral sphincter of ten female fetuses with a crown-rump length of 112 to 340mm [17].
• Treatment with LIF decreased thymus weight but did not affect crown-rump length, femur length, trabecular bone mineral density or the weight of several non-fat organs including the uterus [18].
• In the present study, tissue distribution of gamma-enolase in early human embryos was studied using an immunohistochemical method and it was suggested that the protein is present not only in neural tissue primordium but also in most tissues in the youngest embryo of 6.3 mm crown-rump length [19].
• Gestational age was estimated using two published tables correlating either (1). embryonic vesicle diameter (EVD), crown-rump length (CRL), body diameter (BD), and biparietal diameter (HD) to the LH surge in mid-gestational beagles or (2) [20].

Anatomical context of Crown-Rump Length

• T4 and T3 formation and their response to TSH, cAMP, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulation were studied by RIA in cultured bovine fetal thyroids from 130 embryos of 1.2-25.0 cm crown-rump length (CRL) [21].
• At 2.0 mM buthionine sulfoximine, the yolk sac diameter, embryo crown-rump length, head length, number of somites and morphological score were reduced to 65, 72, 77, 90 and 80% of control levels respectively [22].
• In the absence of hepatocytes, phenytoin embryotoxicity was concentration dependent (0, 10, 20 and 60 micrograms/mL), with decreases in embryonic growth, reflected by reduced yolk sac diameter and crown rump length, apparent within the maternal therapeutic range (20 micrograms/mL) [23].
• The fetuses were fixed, cleared and stained with alizarin red, examined for skeletal anomalies and their crown-rump lengths measured [24].
• However, embryonic weight, crown-rump length, placental length, allantoic fluid volume, amniotic fluid volume, as well as total glucose, fructose and protein in allantoic fluid were not affected by breed [25].

Associations of Crown-Rump Length with chemical compounds

• Among 250 laboratory-born bonnet macaques living in social groups and maintained on commercial monkey chow, we measured weight, crown-rump length, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), and fasting serum insulin, glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and total cholesterol [26].
• The embryopathic potency of 80 microM HPPH in embryo culture, reflected by decreases in anterior neuropore closure, turning, yolk sac diameter and crown-rump length (P < .05), was equivalent to that reported for phenytoin [27].
• Both TH and 5-HT immunoreactivities were already detectable at E12, even in the smallest embryos (crown-rump length: 6 mm), but there was a striking difference in the number and regional distribution of these two types of IR cells [28].
• In addition, both the crown-rump length and head length of dietary biotin-deficient embryos were lower, and their digit development was retarded [29].
• Both the medial and lateral ganglionic eminence was dissected from rat embryos of either 10 mm, 15 mm, 19 mm, or 23 mm crown-rump length, and implanted as a cell suspension into adult rats which had received an ibotenic acid lesion 10 days prior to transplantation [30].

Gene context of Crown-Rump Length

• Our results indicate that Pgp expression in endothelia of brain microvessels occurs regularly in embryos of about 30-mm crown-rump length (CRL) [31].
• Fetal serum IGF-I concentrations were correlated to fetal body weight (r = 0.66), growth rate (r = 0.72), crown-rump length (r = 0.20), hip height (r = 0.17), and heart girth (r = 0.20) [32].
• While some characteristics (e.g., fetal crown-rump length and weight on Day 14 of pregnancy) were affected to a comparable extent in transgenic females from all three lines, MT/hGH.V and PEPCK/bGH females were, in general, more severely affected than the MT/bGH animals [33].
• RESULTS: In the chromosomally normal group, maternal serum PAPP-A correlated significantly with fetal crown-rump length (r = 0.421, P < .0001) [34].
• The volume data of the placentae were correlated to the crown-rump length (CRL), placenta-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), free beta-human chroangiogonadotropin (f-beta-hCG) and other factors that may affect the placental size or function [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Crown-Rump Length

• In 152 patients with an early pregnancy which was subsequently normal, we measured the maternal serum levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and prolactin (PRL) as well as the diameter of gestational sac (GS) and the crown-rump length (CRL) of the embryo by transvaginal ultrasonography [36].

References