Disease relevance of Diaphyses

• Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by permanent myotonia (prolonged failure of muscle relaxation) and skeletal dysplasia, resulting in reduced stature, kyphoscoliosis, bowing of the diaphyses and irregular epiphyses [1].
• Histomorphometry was performed on periosteal and endocortical surfaces of the tibial diaphysis in all groups. microCT of tibias and mechanical testing by torsion of femora were performed on 28d-PTH and 7d-PTH/21d-WD animals [2].
• Bone to soft tissue (ST) ratios for both high-uptake bone (sacrum) and low-uptake bone (femoral diaphysis) were obtained with a derivative of phosphonic acid, TC-99m 2,3-dicarboxypropane-1, 1-diphosphonate (DPD), in 26 normal subjects and 177 patients with malignant disease but without metastases [3].
• Zircalloy 4 metallic cones (1.8 mm base x 2 mm height) were implanted in the diaphysis of the tibiae of 6 Wistar rats (90 g body weight) under i.p. Ethyl Urethane anesthesia [4].

Psychiatry related information on Diaphyses

• Physical activity as a determinant of bone conservation in the radial diaphysis in rheumatoid arthritis [5].

High impact information on Diaphyses

• Camurati-Engelmann disease (CED, MIM 131300) is an autosomal dominant, progressive diaphyseal dysplasia characterized by hyperosteosis and sclerosis of the diaphyses of long bones [6].
• In turn, FLT-1 neutralization affects leukemia localization (now in the BM diaphysis), increases leukemia apoptosis, and impedes the exit of ALL cells, prolonging the survival of inoculated mice [7].
• Holes were drilled transversely through the diaphysis of both tibiae of PAR-1-null and wild-type mice [8].
• Parathyroid hormone rapidly stimulates hyaluronan synthesis by periosteal osteoblasts in the tibial diaphysis of the growing rat [9].
• ICF increased the amount of incorporated sulfate per tissue volume unit in the noncalcified epiphyses, but decreased this parameter in the calcified diaphysis [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Diaphyses

• Following training, right tibiae and femora were tested to failure in torsion at 180 degrees/s. Sections were cut from the distal, mid and proximal diaphysis of left bones, bulk-stained in basic fuchsin and two transverse sections (50 microns) were cut and examined for the presence of microdamage and fluorescence [11].

Biological context of Diaphyses

• This report describes the in vivo effects of estrogen on bone formation and gene expression in the tibial diaphysis of ovariectomized rats [12].
• The klotho gene mutant mice exhibit both osteopetrotic phenotype, including elongation of trabeculae in the epiphyses of long bones and vertebral bodies, and osteopenic phenotype, such as thin cortical bones in the diaphyses of these bones [13].
• We analyzed the fetal growth of 130 healthy singletons for whom head (HC) and abdomen (AC) circumferences and femur diaphysis length (FDL) longitudinal profiles were available, together with the measures of weight (BW), length (BL), and head circumference (BHC) at birth [14].
• The values of bone mineral density (BMD) were decreased in all regions of bones tested (mandibular head, tibial metaphysis, tibial diaphysis, femoral metaphysis, and femoral diaphysis) in the phenytoin-treated group [15].
• In order to evaluate the influence of bone mineralization on collagen metabolism, the bone collagen crosslinks were determined in femur diaphyses of mice with X-linked hypophosphatemia and of control littermates [16].

Anatomical context of Diaphyses

• GC-1-treated rats had higher BMD gain in the total tibia, total femur, and in the femoral diaphysis than Hypo animals (p < 0.05) [17].
• Daily oral clodronate treatment was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats for its ability to inhibit estrogen-deficiency-induced changes in femoral neck, femoral diaphysis, and lumbar vertebrae (L4-L5) [18].
• In warfarin-treated animals, bone osteocalcin levels were decreased, both in the metaphysis (9% compared to controls) and the diaphysis (30% compared to controls) of the metacarpals [19].
• In addition, both IGF-I mRNA and peptide were identified in the hemopoietic cells of the metaphyseal bone marrow, whereas only IGF-I immunoreactivity was detectable in the diaphysis [20].
• We found that syndecan-3 transcripts at first were very abundant in the presumptive periosteum surrounding the diaphysis of early chondrocytic skeletal elements in chick limb [21].

Associations of Diaphyses with chemical compounds

• Distal femora of normal dogs were transected at the diaphysis and incubated in medium containing sodium salicylate or indomethacin and 35SO4 [22].
• Only in the bhGH-80-day group was subperiosteal tetracycline double labeling seen all around the femur diaphysis, and this pattern was found in all animals of the group [23].
• Treatment with pamidronate increased the total BMD as well as that of the metaphysis of the femur but had almost no effect on the BMD of the diaphysis in both control and tail-suspended rats [24].
• We sought to determine whether risedronate can preserve cortical bone mass and mechanical properties during long-term disuse in dogs, assessed by histomorphometry and biomechanics on metacarpal diaphyses [25].
• In agreement with the changes in the BMD of different regions of the femur, TZP-4238 but not E2 increased the physical strength of the femoral diaphysis assessed by a three-point bending test [26].

Gene context of Diaphyses

• FGFR1 is preferentially expressed in the diaphyses, whereas FGFR2-Bek expression characterizes metaphyseal and diaphyseal elements, and the interdigital mesenchyme [27].
• SDF-1 staining was generally low or undetectable in the center of the marrow and in the diaphysis [28].
• Versican mRNA expression rapidly disappeared from the tibial cartilage, as cartilage formation progressed during E13-15, but the immunostaining was gradually replaced by aggrecan immunostaining from the diaphysis [29].
• DAT (-/-) vertebrae have lower cancellous bone volume as a consequence of increased trabecular spacing and reduced trabecular number, and cortical thickness and bone area in the femoral diaphysis are reduced [30].
• Finally, it was observed that the lining cells along the endosteal surface of the diaphysis did not stain strongly positive for HyA either naturally or when exposed to PTH treatment [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diaphyses

• Orchiectomy did not alter static bone histomorphometric measurements of the tibial diaphysis, whereas ovariectomy increased cross-sectional and medullary areas, lowered endosteal tetracycline-labeled surface length, and markedly increased endosteal nonlabeled surface length [31].
• Blood perfusion and remodelling activity in canine tibial diaphysis after filling with a new bone cement compared to bone wax and poly(methyl methacrylate) cement [32].
• Oral administration of calcium hydroxide stimulates bone metabolism in the femoral diaphysis of rats with skeletal unloading [33].
• Allogenic vascularized transplantation of a human femoral diaphysis under cyclosporin A immunosuppression [34].
• The prosthetic stem was fitted in the remaining part of the humeral diaphysis, in three cases by cementation and in three cases by press-fit (hydroxyapatite coating) [35].

References