Disease relevance of Follicular Cyst

• Hypothyroidism in the human female is often associated with ovarian follicular cysts and hyperandrogenism, two cardinal signs of polycystic ovary syndrome [1].
• Serum levels of VEGF were significantly higher in women with ovarian carcinomas and endometriomata than in those with serous and follicular cysts [2].
• Inhibition of NOS by L-NAME during ovarian cyst formation reduced the size of follicular cysts, sustained normal testosterone levels, and maintained hormonal BFB reactivity in cystic follicles [3].
• Incidence of follicular cysts, luteal cysts, pyometra, and endometritis in cows fed beta-carotene were 11, 7, 0, and 7% compared with 8, 21, 4, and 13% in control cows [4].
• Histologic examination of the ovarian lesions with acellular cyst fluid containing low E2 revealed 2 corpus luteum hematomas, 1 atretic follicular cyst, 7 endometriotic cysts and 27 serous/mucinous epithelial tumors [5].

High impact information on Follicular Cyst

• Besides normal hair formation, follicular cysts, misoriented and dysplastic follicles, together with aberrant hair cycling, were also observed in the p107/p130 skin transplants [6].
• Effects observed include development of dermal follicular cysts, excessive skin wrinkling, enhanced nail growth, alopecia, and spontaneous tumor development [7].
• Preceding the development of follicular cysts, there is an increase in intraovarian synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) and the low affinity NGF receptor (p75 NGFR) [8].
• The steroidal responses of the gland to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation and hCG were examined in vitro 60 days after EV administration, i.e. at the time when follicular cysts are well established [9].
• The ability of these cysts to produce 1-2 ng estradiol in medium alone and even greater amounts of estradiol in the presence of exogenous androgen indicates that inhibition of the ability of FSH to induce and stimulate follicular aromatase activity is not a prerequisite for the induction of follicular cysts in these animals [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Follicular Cyst

• Finally, the increasing ability to accumulate androstenedione in the presence of exogenous testosterone suggests that follicular 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity increases in response to chronic stimulation by low doses of LH-like activity during the development of follicular cysts [10].
• The effects of RU486 are reversible: 4 to 5 weeks after the end of treatment ovarian activity seems normal (as evidenced by reduction of ovarian weights and 5-day vaginal cycles) except for the presence of occasional large follicular cysts which may require longer periods for their regression [11].
• The increase in PRL in the Thio, hCG-stimulated group coincides with formation of follicular cysts [12].
• Unabated stimulation by low doses of LH-like activity produces ovarian follicular cysts in both progesterone-synchronized immature rats and pregnant rats [13].
• Perturbation of estradiol-feedback control of luteinizing hormone secretion by immunoneutralization induces development of follicular cysts in cattle [14].

Biological context of Follicular Cyst

• The accuracy of rectal palpation 10 days after treatment for judgment of luteinization of follicular cyst confirmed by milk progesterone analysis was only 30% (48 cows of 160) [15].
• Additional blood samples (for FSH and LH pulses) were obtained through an indwelling jugular vein catheters every 15 min for 8 h on Days 2 (early luteal phase; ELP), 12 (mid-luteal phase; MLP) and 19 (follicular phase; FP) of control estrous cycle and on alternate days during follicular cyst (FC) formation and persistence [16].
• Eighty-five postpartum Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive 0, 50, 100, or 250 micrograms of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone product, Procystin when follicular cysts were diagnosed by palpation per rectum [17].
• The treatment of the follicular cysts with Gn-RH or a PRID caused fresh ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum but had little immediate effect upon the cyst [18].
• In experiment 2, secretion of cortisol and progesterone was examined in cows with ovarian follicular cysts (n=4) and cyclic, control cows in the follicular phase of the estrous cycle (n=4) [19].

Anatomical context of Follicular Cyst

• Morphometric analysis revealed that the presence of NGF-producing cells neither reduced the total number of corpora lutea per ovary nor significantly increased the formation of follicular cysts [8].
• Cyst fluid estradiol (E2) content > 20 nmol/L identified an additional 43 follicular cysts [5].
• Multiple pigmented follicular cysts of the vulva successfully treated with CO2 laser: case report and literature review [20].
• It is hypothesized that tamoxifen acted directly on the ovaries to provoke excessive proliferation of the granulosa cells in a follicular cyst, causing it to grow very large, and resulting in elevated E2 levels [21].
• The number of mature follicles, cystic atretic follicles, follicular cysts, corpora lutea of menstruation, regressing corpora lutea, and corpus luteum cysts were calculated for each ovary [22].

Gene context of Follicular Cyst

• Women (n = 20) with ovarian endometriomata and 10 women with follicular cysts were enrolled in this study to investigate the role of VEGF and IL-8 in the development and maintenance of ovarian endometriomata [23].
• The potential role of estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta) in normal ovarian folliculogenesis and in reproductive disorders such as ovarian follicular cysts has not been well defined [24].
• Dominant bovine ovarian follicular cysts express increased levels of messenger RNAs for luteinizing hormone receptor and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta(4),delta(5) isomerase compared to normal dominant follicles [25].
• Numerous keratin-filled follicular cysts develop over extensive areas of the skin, usually between the age of 2 and 26 years [26].
• However, the ovaries from the cases demonstrated a significantly greater number of follicular cysts with staining for StAR immunoreactivity in the thecal cells than did the ovaries from healthy women (100% vs 38%, P <.05) [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Follicular Cyst

• Formation of ovarian follicular cysts and corpora lutea after treatment with antihistamine or indomethacin in prepubertal gilts [28].
• Non-neoplastic follicular cysts were seen more often in the ovaries of the Zoladex treated patients than in the primary oöphorectomy group (P less than 0.05) [29].
• The objective of this study was to evaluate transrectal ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) as a therapeutic approach for ovarian follicular cysts in goats [30].
• By the rectal palpation procedure it was impossible to differentiate luteal cyst and cystic corpus luteum from follicular cyst [15].
• The sex steroid levels obtained by radioimmunoassay in plasma and a follicular cyst fluid were confirmed by isotope dilution-mass spectrometry [31].

References