Disease relevance of goserelin

• CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant treatment with goserelin, when started simultaneously with external irradiation, improves local control and survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer [1].
• METHODS: Ninety-eight men who underwent radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy and who were found to have nodal metastases were randomly assigned to receive immediate antiandrogen therapy, with either goserelin, a synthetic agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, or bilateral orchiectomy, or to be followed until disease progression [2].
• Goserelin therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids [3].
• Pituitary apoplexy after goserelin [4].
• Phase II study of goserelin for patients with postmenopausal metastatic breast cancer [5].

Psychiatry related information on goserelin

• PURPOSE: To compare the effect of adjuvant endocrine therapies with and without chemotherapy on physical symptoms, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in premenopausal women with breast cancer in a randomized clinical trial (the Zoladex in Premenopausal Patients trial) [6].
• In women with endometriosis, monthly injections of depot goserelin were effective in achieving resolution of endometriotic implants and in improving pelvic symptoms, including pain and dyspareunia [7].
• Patients receiving goserelin experienced vaginal dryness, hot flushes, decreased libido, oily skin or hair, and a decrease in breast size more frequently than sham patients [8].
• Goserelin-induced new-onset depressive disorder [9].
• Here we describe the apparently sustained elimination of previously treatment-resistant agitation and aggression with goserelin treatment in a 78-year-old male nursing-home resident with Alzheimer's disease [10].

High impact information on goserelin

• Treatment of prostate cancer with goserelin and radiotherapy [11].
• METHODS: The study population consisted of a subset of patients entered in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 8610 ("a phase III trial of Zoladex and flutamide used as cytoreductive agents in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate treated with definitive radiotherapy") [12].
• Partial remission of parotid gland carcinoma after goserelin [13].
• Catamenial epilepsy and goserelin [14].
• Therapeutic potential of the LHRH agonist, ICI 118630, in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of goserelin

• BACKGROUND: We conducted a randomized, prospective trial comparing external irradiation with external irradiation plus goserelin (an agonist analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone that reduces testosterone secretion) in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer [1].
• High p27Kip1 expression predicts superior relapse-free and overall survival for premenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen plus goserelin [16].
• Quality of life in goserelin-treated versus cyclophosphamide + methotrexate + fluorouracil-treated premenopausal and perimenopausal patients with node-positive, early breast cancer: the Zoladex Early Breast Cancer Research Association Trialists Group [17].
• To verify this hypothesis, the effects of two potent LHRH agonists [Zoladex (Z) and Buserelin (B)] have been studied on the proliferation of the human prostatic cancer cell line LNCaP (lymph node carcinoma of the prostate) [18].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-five patients with T2b-T4 prostate cancer received flutamide and goserelin acetate for 4 months, with RT beginning at the 3rd month [19].

Biological context of goserelin

• RESULTS: After 2 years of treatment, there was a significant loss of bone mineral density (mean change, -5%; P <.001) in the women receiving goserelin alone [20].
• In radioligand binding assays using GnRHa goserelin, no pituitary-like, high-affinity GnRH binding sites could be found in either EC cell lines or tissues [21].
• The antiproliferative action of the two LHRH agonists was shown to be dose dependent, with IC50 values of 0.82 and 1.79 nM for Z and B, respectively [18].
• However, goserelin may be a useful treatment for women approaching menopause, in whom uterine leiomyomata shrink naturally as endogenous estrogen levels decline [7].
• Zoladex-flutamide treatment required 3 weeks to suppress the completion of spermatogenesis; only a small degree of suppression was observed with Zoladex alone [22].

Anatomical context of goserelin

• The combination of Zoladex treatment with procarbazine was successful in preserving testicular function in the piebald variegated rats as virtually all the functional and morphological parameters of both the seminiferous tubule and the Leydig cell were not significantly different from those of vehicle-treated rats [23].
• As adjuvant therapy for women undergoing assisted reproduction procedures, goserelin is associated with reduced cycle cancellation rates and with an increase in the rate of oocyte retrieval [7].
• Stimulation of cholesterol side-chain cleavage by a luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (luliberin) agonist (ICI 118630) in rat Leydig cells [24].
• Treatment of the animals with AGT or goserelin did not cause a significant effect on the development of either putative preneoplastic acinar lesions in rat pancreas or early ductular lesions in hamster pancreas [25].
• In women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding, treatment with depot goserelin before surgery facilitates resection and ablative procedures by suppressing endometrial growth and thinning the endometrial mucosa [7].

Associations of goserelin with other chemical compounds

• This study demonstrates for the first time that effective gonadal protection from the toxic effects of procarbazine chemotherapy can be achieved by administration of the depot formulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue Zoladex [23].
• RESULTS: Between 1989 and 1997, 120 patients were assigned to CMF and 124 to tamoxifen and ovarian suppression (oophorectomy, n = 6; ovarian irradiation, n = 31; and goserelin injections, n = 87) [26].
• These results paralleled in vitro studies in which goserelin acetate blocked proliferation of the WT DU-145 but not A654 DU-145 cells [27].
• Changes in testosterone levels measured during Zoladex treatment correlated with tumor growth kinetics [28].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: Goserelin, bicalutamide (AstraZeneca, Zug, Switzerland) and cyproterone acetate were added to prostate specific antigen expressing, androgen dependent LNCaP and androgen independent C4-2 cell line (Urocor, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) cultures [29].

Gene context of goserelin

• Hypogonadal (hpg) mutant mice, with a congenital deficiency of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and testicular feminized (tfm) mice, which lack a functional androgen receptor, were used to study the effects of the potent GnRH agonist 'Zoladex' (ICI 118630; D-Ser (Bu(t))6, Azgly10-GnRH) on pituitary and gonadal function [30].
• METHODS: hTERT immunostaining was performed on the cancerous pretreatment biopsy tissue of 30 men who consecutively underwent CAA with bicalutamide and goserelin acetate for 30 days prior to undergoing radical prostatectomy, and on their tumor tissue from radical prostatectomy [31].
• Other promising chemopreventive agents currently under investigation include cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors, fenretinide, aromatase inhibitors, and goserelin [32].
• CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that MRP1 expression plays an important role in the clinical resistance to adjuvant CMF chemotherapy but does not seem to affect response to adjuvant endocrine treatment with tamoxifen plus goserelin [33].
• RESULTS: DU-145 cells, overexpressing wild-type EGFR, formed tumors in athymic mice that were inhibitable by goserelin acetate (Zoladex) [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of goserelin

• Other GnRH analogs such as Buserelin and Zoladex have been found to have similar antitumor and hormonal effects which are also comparable to those produced by surgical ovariectomy [34].
• The independent prognostic factors affecting survival were assessed in 240 men undergoing treatment for metastatic prostate cancer as part of a randomized clinical trial comparing the gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue Zoladex (goserelin acetate implant) with castration [35].
• ICI 118630 offers an alternative treatment to orchidectomy and oestrogen therapy [36].
• Patients received subcutaneous injections of ICI 118630 (either 100 micrograms or 250 micrograms daily) [15].
• CONCLUSION: Zoladex increased sexual dysfunction during treatment among patients without chemotherapy, but the disturbances of sexual functioning were reversible [37].

References