Disease relevance of Palpation

• Tumor growth was monitored visibly, by palpation, by measuring blood glucose levels, and by death of the host from hypoglycemia caused by unregulated insulin production of the growing insulinoma [1].
• METHODS: Four patients with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic plantar fasciitis, who were unresponsive to palpation guided injection with triamcinolone acetonide and local anaesthetic, underwent ultrasonographic examination of the heel [2].
• A total of 34 patients with clinical Peyronie's disease underwent palpation, ultrasound and MRI after intracavernous injection of 10 micrograms. prostaglandin E1 [3].
• A serum CA 125 assay provided a method of more accurately identifying a postmenopausal woman at high risk for ovarian cancer when a screening ultrasound examination revealed a 2 X 3 cm ovary that could not be detected by palpation [4].
• Ninety-seven women, aged 18 to 53 years, with uterine leiomyomas diagnosed by bimanual palpation and ultrasonography, were treated for 4 to 13 months with gestrinone, a potent steroidal, antiestrogen, antiprogesterone [5].

High impact information on Palpation

• Serum thyroglobulin before and after palpation of the thyroid [6].
• METHODS: Adult male mice (C57BL/6, CRF(1)-deficient, and wild-type), fasted for 16-18 hours, were anesthetized for 10 minutes and had a midline celiotomy and cecal exteriorization and palpation for 30 or 60 seconds or no surgery (sham) [7].
• With an increase in the amount of ascorbic acid there is a highly significant decrease in the first-order rate constant for appearance of the first spontaneous mammary tumor after the lag time to detection by palpation [8].
• There were 2 false-positive observations with monoclonal antibody E48 and 3 with palpation [9].
• CP levels increased 4- to 8-fold of normal during the progression of the malignant process, often before tumors could be detected by palpation [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Palpation

• The correct diagnosis of pain related to postoperative upper rib fracture may be made by direct visualization of the fracture on supine anteroposterior radiographs, elicitation of pain by palpation of the rib or motion of the upper extremity, lack of response to nitroglycerin, and negative electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme levels [11].
• However, only serum bilirubin level, cystic duct diameter, demonstration of common bile duct calculi on preoperative imaging or intraoperative palpation, and age at operation were independent predictors of choledocholithiasis [12].
• The exostoses were recognized during routine dental examinations and identified by palpation, horizontal sounding, occlusal radiographs, and in one case by histologic examination [13].
• Varicocele was diagnosed by at least two of the following methods: physical palpation during valsalva manoeuvre, venography, or scrotal scanning using the technetium pertechnetate radioactive method [14].
• In hypogonadal patients, transrectal examination of the prostate should be performed longitudinally to monitor the biological efficacy of testosterone treatment by measuring prostate growth and, in combination with palpation and PSA measurements, to screen for prostate cancer [15].

Biological context of Palpation

• Pregnancy status was monitored by determination of serum progesterone concentrations, ultrasonography, and palpation through 7 mo of gestation, at which time fetuses were recovered [16].
• Metabolic activation of the right and left somatosensory cortices (SSC) in response to an active sensorimotor task (palpation and sorting of mah jongg tiles) was studied in 16 right-handed normal volunteers using positron emission tomography (PET) and a double-injection [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose strategy [17].
• Ovarian palpation revealed considerable follicular development before the initial rise in progesterone, but no clearly discernable corpus luteum until normal luteal-phase progesterone levels were detected [18].
• When pregnancy was diagnosed by concentration of progesterone in milk 23 days postinsemination in 3014 cows, 76.9% of positive and 93.8% of negative diagnoses were confirmed by uterine palpation or return to estrus [19].
• Retrobulbar hemodynamics by CDI, intraocular pressure by Goldmann applanation tonometer, blood pressure by cuff, and heart rate by palpation were measured at baseline and at 1 month after bimatoprost treatment [20].

Anatomical context of Palpation

• We have prospectively evaluated this proposal in ten consecutive patients with MEN 1 and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome who underwent surgical exploration for gastrinoma resection including a detailed evaluation of the duodenum by palpation, intraoperative endoscopy with transillumination, and duodenotomy [21].
• The value of gallium 67 (Ga) imaging in monitoring lymphoma response to treatment was assessed in 25 patients with Ga-avid tumors and compared to body computed tomography (CT), chest radiographs, and palpation of tumor infiltrated peripheral lymph nodes [22].
• Pain on palpation or swollen distal accessory (inferior check) ligament, flexor tendons, and suspensory ligament were not found in any horse [23].
• Conception rates and embryo-fetal survival were monitored by serial serum progesterone assays, transrectal ultrasonography and manual palpation of the uterus [24].
• As determined by progesterone in serum and by palpation of the ovaries, 88% of the cows (64/73) formed corpora lutea in response to hCG, with a tendency (P less than or equal to .10) for a positive effect of pretreatment with norgestomet (94 vs 82%) [25].

Associations of Palpation with chemical compounds

• Clinical improvement in patient rating of disease severity and in the severity of tenderness upon palpation was most apparent in the subgroup of patients who were receiving both ibuprofen and alprazolam [26].
• Fifty-six patients (61 percent) had at least one abnormality of serum free thyroxine index, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin), or thyroid palpation [27].
• There was a significant difference in favor of piroxicam for tenderness on palpation and time to complete relief of symptoms [28].
• Patients received 1.8-53.0 mg mAb U36 IgG labeled with 756 +/- 95 MBq technetium-99m i.v. Preoperatively, palpation, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and RIS were performed [29].
• Endogenous nitric oxide production was quantified by analysis of urinary nitrate excretion, and time to rejection was determined by graft palpation [30].

Gene context of Palpation

• METHODS: Gal-/- mice received a heart graft from C57BL/6 Gal+ or H transgenic mice and additional Gal Ab and C' provided; HAR was monitored by direct observation for up to 90 min, or by palpation thereafter [31].
• The mechanism of this effect was through an immediate post-palpation release of circulating tumor emboli detected 2-3 min after palpation (P<0.01) by human cytokeratin 19 RT-PCR of extracted RNA from 300 microl of murine blood [32].
• Over 80% of animals treated with OP-1 developed fusion as assessed by palpation (52% by CT criteria), while only 25% of control animals fused [33].
• This was associated with a significant decrease in ventricular contractility (palpation score 0.3 +/- 0.1 compared to 2.3 +/- 0.3 in wild-type, P < 0.0001) [34].
• Objective findings indicating systemic lupus erythematosus arthritis were locking or dislocation, tenderness to palpation, and pain on movement of the mandible [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Palpation

• All patients underwent an identical surgical protocol (palpation after an extensive Kocher maneuver, ultrasound during surgery, duodenal transillumination, and 3 cm duodenotomy) and postoperative assessment of disease status (fasting gastrin, secretin test imaging within 2 weeks, at 3 to 6 months, and yearly), as used in pre-SRS studies previously [36].
• Marked elevations in serum TG occurred within 2 min after open manual palpation, diathermy, and excision [37].
• Axillary nodal status and tumor histologic ER status, histologic grade, size, stage, and method of detection (mammography alone, palpation alone, or both palpation and mammography) were analyzed by density category and tested for statistically significant differences across categories by using analysis of variance [38].
• Wound anesthesia, assessed by palpation of the wound 24 h after surgery by a blinded investigator, was significantly more pronounced in the group treated with lidocaine aerosol than in the control groups [39].
• Thyroid examinations, including palpation, ultrasound and, selectively, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, were conducted on nearly 2,000 Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia to evaluate the occurrence of thyroid cancer and nodular thyroid disease among men with protracted exposure to ionizing radiation [40].

References