Disease relevance of Nutritional Support

• A 17-yr-old boy with Crohn's disease and growth retardation developed an acute abdominal crisis while receiving total parenteral nutritional support [1].
• Elemental diets designed for nutritional support in protein-calorie malnutrition are often deficient in choline, a nonessential nutrient [2].
• This proposed cytokine-leptin link in pulmonary cachexia may explain the poor response to nutritional support in some of the cachectic patients with COPD and may open a novel approach in combating this significant comorbidity in COPD [3].
• OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of perioperative, arginine-supplemented nutritional support on nutritional status, immune status, postoperative outcome, and survival in severely malnourished (weight loss >10% of body weight) head and neck cancer patients undergoing major surgery [4].
• The concentration of whole blood GSH also was decreased in the septic group (665.4 +/- 194 vs. 1059 +/- 334 microM; p <.01) CONCLUSIONS: Whole blood glutathione synthesis rates are decreased, by about 60%, in critically ill septic children receiving limited nutritional support [5].

High impact information on Nutritional Support

• Glutamine supplementation in artificial nutritional support [6].
• All had received corticosteroids, sulfasalazine, antibiotics, and nutritional support for 5.0 +/- 3.0 years before administering 6-mercaptopurine, but intractable symptoms persisted [7].
• Intracellular invasion, possibly initiated by the major porin protein, may provide additional nutritional support and protection from host defenses [8].
• The patients received either BCAAs (40 gm per day) in 5% glucose or 5% glucose alone (placebo) for 5 days or until "wake up". Nutritional support was provided with equal proportions of carbohydrate and fat [9].
• When nutritional support was provided, noncancer patients abolished their previously negative tyrosine balance and increased the efflux of 3-methylhistidine; however, cancer patients as a group continued to show a negative tyrosine balance, and the efflux of 3-methylhistidine continued to decrease further in them [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nutritional Support

• MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We evaluated the frequency rate of hyperglycemia, average blood glucose, numbers and types of infections while receiving nutritional support and nitrogen balance after 5 days of TPN [11].
• We review the most recent data on the efficacy of treatment of acute alcoholic injury, including nutritional support, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants, and agents that are directed against the progression to fibrosis, such as colchicines, propylthiouracil and antioxidants [12].
• METHODS: Medline and Science Citation Index searches were performed to locate English language publications on nutritional support in acute pancreatitis in the 25 years preceding December 1999 [13].
• Nitrogen balance, 3-methylhistidine excretion, and plasma amino acid profile in infants after cardiac operations for congenital heart defects: the effect of early nutritional support [14].
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was diagnosed and aggressive treatment with methylprednisolone sodium succinate and nutritional support was initiated [15].

Biological context of Nutritional Support

• The influence on human urate homeostasis of prolonged, totally purine-free nutritional support, using total parenteral (TPN) or elemental enteral (EN) nutrition, is not well known [16].
• BACKGROUND: Conversion of glucose into lipid (de novo lipogenesis; DNL) is a possible fate of carbohydrate administered during nutritional support [17].
• On day 4 of nutritional support, whole-body L-leucine kinetics were measured by using a constant infusion of L-[1-14C]leucine [18].
• The results of this study support the conclusion that total parenteral nutrition given during the first trimester is a safe and effective method of nutritional support [19].
• To determine whether the route and/or composition of nutritional support alters intestinal barrier function (measured as bacterial translocation), rats were divided into three groups: food (controls), intravenous total parenteral nutrition (IV-TPN) fed, and oral total parenteral nutrition (ORAL-TPN) fed [20].

Anatomical context of Nutritional Support

• METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing surgery for upper GI tract malignancies were prospectively randomized into one of three nutritional support groups after surgery: 10 patients received standard TPN, 10 received TPN plus daily injections of GH, and 10 received daily GH, systemic insulin, and TPN [21].
• The findings suggest that: 1) vasa vasorum provide only minimal nutritional support to the thoracic aorta of normal monkeys and monkeys with moderately severe atherosclerosis, and 2) in monkeys with severe atherosclerosis, diffusional support to the thoracic aorta is strikingly heterogeneous, ranging from minimal to large [22].
• The role of revascularization in the nutritional support of repair of the flexor tendons is not completely understood [23].
• Complications created by the long-term administration of intravenous total-bowel parenteral nutrition solutions and the observed high transfer rate of solutes across the peritoneum during long-term peritoneal dialysis suggested that glucose absorption from the peritoneal cavity could be evaluated as a technique for providing nutritional support [24].
• Packed red blood cells, Ringer's lactate, Plasmanate and nutritional support with medium chain triglycerides and ketones by mouth and amino acids by IV were given [25].

Associations of Nutritional Support with chemical compounds

• In the patient who cannot eat a balanced diet, specialized nutritional support, in the form of either enteral or parenteral nutrition, is required to prevent malnutrition in the normally nourished, or to correct the nutritional state in the malnourished [26].
• Nutritional support of malnourished lactose intolerant African patients [27].
• CONCLUSIONS: Active family nutritional support, as measured by culturally relevant categories, is significantly associated with control of triglyceride, cholesterol, and HbA(1c) levels [28].
• Changes in serum concentrations of prealbumin, transferrin, and retinol-binding protein were compared to changes in Sm-C/IGF-I during nutritional support [29].
• Comparisons of interest were nutritional support versus routine care and standard versus diabetes-specific formulas (containing high proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids, fructose, and fiber) [30].

Gene context of Nutritional Support

• Except for CRP, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, and albumin, all the APP levels increase during 7 days of nutritional support [31].
• IGFBP-1, which is acutely regulated by metabolic status, is elevated on admission to intensive care but may fall in response to nutritional support [32].
• CONCLUSION: Modification of plasma GSH and TNF-alpha levels by adequate nutritional support with adjuvant rhGH during the postinjury period demonstrates the beneficial role of GSH in enhancing antioxidant defenses [33].
• Decreased serum insulin-like growth factor-I in burn patients: relationship with serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 proteolysis and the influence of lipid composition in nutritional support [34].
• The response of prealbumin was compared to that of albumin and transferrin in 16 patients following 7 days of metabolic/nutritional support [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nutritional Support

• Postoperative care was focused on preservation and promotion of liver function by providing adequate tissue oxygenation and immediate postoperative nutritional support that consisted of branched-chain amino acid-enriched solution, low-dose dextrose, medium-chain triglycerides, and phosphate [36].
• Nasoenteric tube feeding is a widely used alternative to parenteral intravenous nutritional support or gastrostomy tube placement [37].
• It presents with persistent watery diarrhea and malabsorption and may require total parenteral nutrition for nutritional support [38].
• The diagnosis of CIP was based on characteristic symptoms requiring special nutritional support (parenteral in 30, tube feeding in 12) or interfering with daily activities (documented by diary in nine) [39].
• A number of small and diverse clinical trials studied the effects of BCAA-enriched nutritional support in moderately to severely stressed surgical and cancer patients [40].

References