Disease relevance of Splanchnic Circulation

• These findings suggest that the systemic and splanchnic circulations may be hypersensitive to ketanserin in cirrhotic patients, and that serotonergic mechanisms may contribute to maintain portal hypertension [1].
• Angiotensin II raised systolic blood pressure, increased heart weight, and produced myographic changes of vascular hypertrophy in the mesenteric circulation, increasing media width, media cross-sectional area, and media/lumen ratio [2].
• The role of adenosine in mediating vasodilatation in mesenteric circulation of the rat in acute and chronic hypoxia [3].
• Effects of glucagon on systemic and splanchnic circulation in conscious rats with biliary cirrhosis [4].
• 2. Under pentobarbitone, c.b. stimulation evoked hyperventilation, tachycardia, and vasoconstriction in hindlimb muscle and renal and mesenteric circulation [5].

High impact information on Splanchnic Circulation

• In the splanchnic circulation, there was a net uptake of glutamine (241 +/- 353 micromol/min) and ammonia and alanine were released in an almost 1:1 stoichiometry (r(2) = 0.47; P < 0.001) [6].
• In sham-operated rats, somatostatin analogue had no effect on the systemic or splanchnic circulation [7].
• In the anesthetized dog, all three produce marked and selective dilatation of the mesenteric circulation; none of the peptides influenced blood flow in the renal, femoral, carotid, or even celiac arteries [8].
• Corticotropin releasing factor-like peptides produce selective dilatation of the dog mesenteric circulation [8].
• Effects of glucagon, histamine, and perhexiline on the ischemic canine mesenteric circulation [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Splanchnic Circulation

• 1. Direct observations were made of responses to systemic hypoxia (breathing 12 or 6% O2 for 3 min) evoked in terminal arterioles (TA, 14-30 microns internal diameter), precapillary arterioles (PCA, 8-18 microns), collecting venules (CV, 12-30 microns) and small veins (SV, 20-50 microns) of the mesenteric circulation of the anaesthetized rat [10].
• OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of different doses of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine on the splanchnic circulation in patients with septic shock [11].
• CONCLUSIONS: Dopamine and norepinephrine have similar hemodynamic effects, but epinephrine can impair splanchnic circulation in severe septic shock [11].
• Effects of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine on the splanchnic circulation in septic shock: which is best [11]?
• CONCLUSIONS: Using quantitative biophysical methods it can be demonstrated that the splanchnic circulation does not contribute to the metabolic acidosis of CPB, and that it continues to have a metabolic alkalinizing effect involving significant lactate extraction [12].

Biological context of Splanchnic Circulation

• The difference observed may be related to blockade of beta 2 vasodilator receptors in the splanchnic circulation which will occur only with propranolol and lead to a greater fall in splanchnic blood flow than will be produced by a reduction in cardiac output alone [13].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine the early effects of therapy of endotoxin (ET) shock with epinephrine, norepinephrine, or dopexamine on splanchnic circulation, oxygen metabolism, sigmoid mucosal pHi, bacterial translocation, and morphologic integrity of the ileal, colonic, and sigmoid mucosa [14].
• These results indicate that the effects of vasopressin on the splanchnic circulation in bleeding anaesthetized animals differ from the effects observed when blood volume is normal [15].
• ET-1 produced dose-dependent increases in vascular resistance in the perfused gill, renal-skeletal muscle, and splanchnic circulations, and increased tension, independent of endothelium, in vascular rings from celiacomesenteric (CA) and coronary arteries and anterior cardinal veins (CV) [16].

Anatomical context of Splanchnic Circulation

• Therefore the influence of permanent ablation of sensory neurons by neonatal capsaicin pretreatment (50 mg/kg, subcutaneously) on the development of the hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation in portal-hypertensive rats was studied [17].
• Expression of endothelin messenger RNA (mRNA) was determined in endothelial cells obtained from the mesenteric circulation [18].
• CONCLUSIONS: Block of sympathetic fibers to the splanchnic circulation with thoracic epidural lidocaine produces mesenteric venodilatation that contributes to hypotension in rabbits [19].
• The polysaccharide fucoidin has been previously shown to inhibit leukocyte rolling in the mesenteric circulation and to reduce neutrophil accumulation in the skin and meninges in experimental inflammation [20].
• Prostacyclin (PGI2), a potent vasodilator with complex effects on the mesenteric circulation, has been found to be elevated in the hemorrhagic ascitic fluid of pigs with hemorrhagic pancreatitis [21].

Associations of Splanchnic Circulation with chemical compounds

• Blood flow to renal and splanchnic circulations was reduced in the group with heart failure but was increased by diltiazem to values similar to those observed in sham-operated animals [22].
• Atenolol was shown to be an effective oral antihypertensive that has no apparent deleterious hemodynamic effects on the renal and splanchnic circulations [23].
• A comparison of angiotensin II and angiotensin III as vasoconstrictors in the mesenteric circulation of dogs [24].
• Calcium chloride (1.0-500.0 microgram/kg per min) had a mild constrictor effect; at a dose of 1000.0 microgram/kg per min, calcium chloride became a dilator agent in the mesenteric circulation [25].
• The effects of increasing doses of propranolol were studied in awake portal hypertensive rats in order to elucidate the relative effects of the beta-blocker on systemic and splanchnic circulation [26].

Gene context of Splanchnic Circulation

• Studies were conducted to determine whether endothelin (ET) ETA and ETB receptor protein and mRNA expression is developmentally regulated in the postnatal swine mesenteric circulation [27].
• We found that the catabolism of active t-PA and t-PA antigen took place in the splanchnic circulation with net rates of 7.2 and 6.3 pmol/min, respectively [28].
• Changes of ET-1 were positively correlated with changes in HBF (P <.005) and VO2,sp (P <.05), indicating a role for ET-1 in splanchnic circulation and oxygenation [29].
• Inhibition of VEGF receptor-2 decreases the development of hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation and portal-systemic collateral vessels in portal hypertensive rats [30].
• In conclusion, we demonstrated that active t-PA and t-PA antigen are catabolized and active PAI-1 produced in the splanchnic circulation in young healthy subjects during steady state [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Splanchnic Circulation

• These results suggest that due to clearance of PGE2 in the pulmonary and splanchnic circulations, current clinical protocols for intravenous administration of PGE1 are not likely to affect perihepatic hemodynamics [31].
• To assess the putative role of NPY in mesenteric circulation, the release and biological effect of NPY were examined after electrical stimulation of perimesenteric arterial nerves [32].
• IMPLICATIONS: Heparin, given in the dosage required for cardiopulmonary bypass, caused release of phospholipase A(2) into the splanchnic circulation [33].
• Evaluation of the protective effect of a novel prostacyclin analog on mesenteric circulation following warm ischemia [34].
• In the colonic circulation, in both groups, there was a significant increase in angiotensin II levels in the splanchnic circulation following ischaemia and reperfusion (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups [35].

References