Disease relevance of Sexual Development

• Virilizing hepatoblastoma: precocious sexual development and partial response of pulmonary metastases to cis-platinum [1].
• Precocious puberty of cerebral origin is a poorly understood disorder of human sexual development, brought about by the premature activation of those neurons that produce luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), the neuropeptide controlling sexual maturation [2].
• The androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a disorder of male sexual development resulting in a wide range of clinical phenotypes [3].
• Growth and sexual development before and after sex steroid therapy in patients with thalassemia major [4].
• A sensitive assay for MIS could be useful in the diagnosis of patients with congenital abnormalities of sexual development and patients with Sertoli cell and/or other MIS-producing neoplasms [5].

Psychiatry related information on Sexual Development

• Thus, exposure to anti-AFP IgG during the critical period of sexual development in the brain appears to mimic steroidal androgenization of the female mouse [6].

High impact information on Sexual Development

• The gene csd is the primary signal for sexual development in the honeybee and encodes an SR-type protein [7].
• Requirement of Bmpr1a for Müllerian duct regression during male sexual development [8].
• In males, SF-1 participates in sexual development by regulating expression of the polypeptide hormone Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) [9].
• This study shows that peroxisomes are required at a specific stage of sexual development, at least in P. anserina, and that a functional homolog of the PAF1 gene is present in a lower eucaryote [10].
• To investigate the role of Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS) in mammalian sexual development, we generated MIS-deficient mice [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sexual Development

• This article outlines the changing pattern of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced gonadotropin secretion across sexual development, a knowledge of which is critical to understanding GnRH secretion in pathologic states such as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism [12].
• Methoxychlor exposure elicited stress behaviors, decreased body weight and significantly retarded sexual development [13].
• Androgenic and estrogenic effects of the synthetic androgen 17alpha-methyltestosterone on sexual development and reproductive performance in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) determined using the gonadal recrudescence assay [14].
• Since gonadal denervation and pineal deafferentation by cervical superior ganglionectomy affect sexual development, this study was performed to evaluate testicular steroidogenesis, spermatogenesis and the cervical superior ganglion (CSG) histology in rats treated with guanethidine (GD) [15].
• The method can also be used to detect disturbances of intrauterine sexual development as exemplified by the case of a Klinefelter syndrome where female testosterone values were found at the time of sexual differentiation [16].

Biological context of Sexual Development

• Our results suggest that her-1 is expressed in many, possibly all, cells and that its gene product can function non-autonomously through cell interactions to determine male sexual development [17].
• For proper sexual development of females, the Sex-lethal (Sxl) gene must be activated early in development and remain on during the rest of the life cycle [18].
• Thus, in S.pombe, a B-type cyclin, regulated by the newly identified cell cycle 'start' genes, plays a crucial role in the control of sexual development [19].
• However, null mutations in a protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit gene, CPKA, do not block appressorium formation, and mutations in the adenylate cyclase gene have pleiotropic effects on growth, conidiation, sexual development, and appressorium formation [20].
• Cell differentiation during sexual development of the fungus Sordaria macrospora requires ATP citrate lyase activity [21].

Anatomical context of Sexual Development

• Sexually dimorphic expression of protease nexin-1 and vanin-1 in the developing mouse gonad prior to overt differentiation suggests a role in mammalian sexual development [22].
• The Copenhagen rat is completely resistant to mammary cancer induction by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) when the carcinogen is administered during sexual development, a period when other strains of rats are normally susceptible to mammary gland carcinogenesis [23].
• Both genes contain a DNA binding motif called a DM domain and they regulate similar aspects of sexual development, including yolk protein synthesis and peripheral nervous system differentiation [24].
• In the hypothalamus, TGF alpha stimulates neuronal secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), the neuropeptide controlling sexual development, via activation of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) [25].
• Studies on human sexual development. V. Concentrations of testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone in human amniotic fluid throughout gestation [26].

Associations of Sexual Development with chemical compounds

• Neonatal progesterone and feminine sexual development [27].
• Having selected a dose and route of administration that produced uniform suppression of spontaneous and stimulated pituitary gonadotropin secretion, GnRHa therapy resulted in a fall of gonadal sex steroid levels into the prepubertal range, a halting or regression of secondary sexual development, and a complete cessation of menses [28].
• The combination of dissimilar alleles of the A alpha and A beta gene complexes, whose proteins contain homeo domain motifs, determines sexual development in the mushroom Coprinus cinereus [29].
• OBJECTIVE: To assess the lipid-lowering efficacy, biochemical safety, and effect on growth and sexual development of lovastatin in adolescent boys with HeFH [30].
• Mutations of the androgen receptor that impair the action of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and testosterone result in abnormal male sexual development [31].

Gene context of Sexual Development

• Because Bmpr1a is evolutionarily conserved, these findings indicate that a component of the BMP signaling pathway has been co-opted during evolution for male sexual development in amniotes [8].
• Such evidence is highly suggestive of a conserved role(s) for Dmrt1 in vertebrate sexual development, but there has been no functional analysis of this gene in any species [32].
• 3. We previously identified DMRT1, a human gene with sequence similarity to genes that regulate the sexual development of nematodes and insects [33].
• intersex, a gene required for female sexual development in Drosophila, is expressed in both sexes and functions together with doublesex to regulate terminal differentiation [34].
• Mab-3 is a direct tra-1 target gene regulating diverse aspects of C. elegans male sexual development and behavior [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sexual Development

• Three hundred and seventy-seven children and adolescents aged 5-17 yr from the biracial (black-white) community of Bogalusa, Louisiana, were evaluated for Tanner stage of sexual development, plasma glucose, and insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test [36].
• Beginning at the mean age of 2.9 yr, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels, linear growth, skeletal maturation, body mass index, and secondary sexual development were evaluated at 3- to 6-month intervals for up to 12.3 yr [37].
• Preliminary results are presented after 2 years of the Canadian long-term multicentre study on the impact of hormone therapy on the final height, sexual development and psychological status of girls with Turner syndrome [38].
• DES affected the sexual development of the pups for all endopoints monitored-anogenital (AG) distance on pnd 2; average day of vaginal opening and prepuce separation; uterus, testes, and accessory sex gland weight; and cauda epididymis sperm count and homogenization resistant testicular sperm count at pnd 90 [39].
• Early diagnosis is desirable because replacement of testosterone may allow normal sexual development [40].

References