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MeSH Review

Scrotum

 
 
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Disease relevance of Scrotum

 

Psychiatry related information on Scrotum

 

High impact information on Scrotum

 

Chemical compound and disease context of Scrotum

 

Biological context of Scrotum

 

Anatomical context of Scrotum

  • Although enhanced medical surveillance likely plays a role, 2-way, positive associations between thyroid cancer and cancers of the breast, prostate, kidney, salivary glands, brain and CNS, scrotum, and leukemia suggest etiologic similarities and possible treatment effects [21].
  • The penis, scrotum, perineum and perianal areas were inspected, and the penis was reinspected after staining with 5% acetic acid [22].
  • Animals in Group II had only the cauda epididymidis of one side maintained within the abdominal cavity (cryptepididymal) while the caput epididymides and testes remained in the scrotum [23].
  • We have been able to confirm the hormonal independence of the scrotum, pouch and mammary gland by administering testosterone propionate daily by mouth to female pouch young from the day of birth; although the Wolffian duct was hyperstimulated, there was no sign of scrotal development, or pouch or mammary inhibition [24].
  • The presence of multiple HPV types in genital cells from the urethra, urethral meatus, scrotum, penile shaft, and coronal sulcus was evaluated [25].
 

Associations of Scrotum with chemical compounds

  • We administered testosterone transdermally to six hypogonadal men by applying a thin flexible polymeric membrane containing testosterone to the scrotum [26].
  • The unexpected absence of such a decrease in scrotal skin might be explained by the embryological origin of the scrotum, which is similar to that of the prostate, an organ which also does not show any age-dependent decrease in androgen concentration [27].
  • HPV detection was comparable in physician- and self-collected specimens; detection was highest in the penile shaft (51.2% and 51.5%, respectively, P = 0.96), followed by the scrotum (41.2% and 46.2%, P = 0.43), the glans/coronal sulcus (31.9% and 33.1%, P = 0.84), and the foreskin (33.3% and 28.6%, P = 0.74) [28].
  • In the other trial 29 patients received EMLA cream on 1 side of the scrotum before bilateral mepivacaine infiltration [29].
  • We report on a 45-year-old man with incomplete voiding and massively enlarged right scrotum along with elevated creatinine who was found to have massive inguinoscrotal herniation [30].
 

Gene context of Scrotum

  • Slow releasing pellets were loaded with either basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) or vehicle alone and were placed in the scrotum of mice [31].
  • To test whether testicular descent into the scrotum contributes to the block in spermatogonial differentiation, jsd mutant (jsd/jsd) mice were bilaterally cryptorchidized at the age of 4 wk [32].
  • In non-stressed animals, PCNA-positive cells were identified frequently in the epidermis in pinna, abdomen, dorsum and scrotum [33].
  • These antibodies did not prevent the aspermatogenic action of BS RNase in vivo when a twofold higher amount of this enzyme was injected into mouse scrotum [34].
  • BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Cell proliferation at the gubernacular tip increases in response to exogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during migration into the scrotum [35].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Scrotum

References

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  2. Chlamydia trachomatis infection mimicking testicular malignancy in a young man. Ward, A.M., Rogers, J.H., Estcourt, C.S. Sexually transmitted infections. (1999) [Pubmed]
  3. Extramammary Paget's disease of the scrotum: treatment with topical 5-fluorouracil and plastic surgery. Bewley, A.P., Bracka, A., Staughton, R.C., Bunker, C.B. Br. J. Dermatol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  4. The effects of pre- and postnatal exposure to the nonsteroidal antiandrogen flutamide on testis descent and morphology in the Albino Swiss rat. Kassim, N.M., McDonald, S.W., Reid, O., Bennett, N.K., Gilmore, D.P., Payne, A.P. J. Anat. (1997) [Pubmed]
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  7. Hormonal therapy of cryptorchidism. A randomized, double-blind study comparing human chorionic gonadotropin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Rajfer, J., Handelsman, D.J., Swerdloff, R.S., Hurwitz, R., Kaplan, H., Vandergast, T., Ehrlich, R.M. N. Engl. J. Med. (1986) [Pubmed]
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  9. The INSL3-LGR8/GREAT ligand-receptor pair in human cryptorchidism. Ferlin, A., Simonato, M., Bartoloni, L., Rizzo, G., Bettella, A., Dottorini, T., Dallapiccola, B., Foresta, C. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2003) [Pubmed]
  10. Long-term effect of testosterone therapy on bone mineral density in hypogonadal men. Behre, H.M., Kliesch, S., Leifke, E., Link, T.M., Nieschlag, E. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (1997) [Pubmed]
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  12. A case of Fournier gangrene complicating idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood. Wright, A.J., Lall, A., Gransden, W.R., Joyce, M.R., Rowsell, A., Clark, G. Pediatr. Nephrol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  13. Aggressive angiomyxoma in the scrotum expressing androgen and progesterone receptors. Chihara, Y., Fujimoto, K., Takada, S., Hirayama, A., Cho, M., Yoshida, K., Ozono, S., Hirao, Y. International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association. (2003) [Pubmed]
  14. Testicular lymphoma with bone/bone marrow metastases illustrated by scrotal sonography, spinal MRI, and total body Tc-99m HMDP and Tc-99m MIBI images. Shih, W.J., Kwolek, D.S., Lahr, B. Annals of nuclear medicine. (1999) [Pubmed]
  15. Squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum in an aluminium worker. Angulo, J.C., López, J.I., Flores, N. Postgraduate medical journal. (1993) [Pubmed]
  16. Effects of zeranol implants on post-castration response in calves. Robb, T.W., Wood, A.D. Aust. Vet. J. (1990) [Pubmed]
  17. Absence of SOX3 in the developing marsupial gonad is not consistent with a conserved role in mammalian sex determination. Pask, A.J., Harry, J.L., Renfree, M.B., Marshall Graves, J.A. Genesis (2000) [Pubmed]
  18. Plasma testosterone concentrations in bulls with intact and shortened scrotums during sexual maturation. Thun, R., Leuch, F., Eggenberger, E., Zerobin, K. Biol. Reprod. (1980) [Pubmed]
  19. Sheep testicular gonadotropin binding sites: characterization and changes with surgical shortening of the scrotum. Yarney, T.A., Sanford, L.M., Sairam, M.R. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (1988) [Pubmed]
  20. Adenomatoid tumors of the female and male genital tracts express WT1. Schwartz, E.J., Longacre, T.A. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  21. Thyroid cancer and multiple primary tumors in the SEER cancer registries. Ronckers, C.M., McCarron, P., Ron, E. Int. J. Cancer (2005) [Pubmed]
  22. Indications for urethroscopy in male patients with penile condylomata. Kaplinsky, R.S., Pranikoff, K., Chasan, S., DeBerry, J.L. J. Urol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  23. Influence of abdominal temperature and luminal contents on the cauda epididymidis of the rat. Warner, C.W., Niewenhuis, R.J. Biol. Reprod. (1983) [Pubmed]
  24. Sex determination in marsupials: evidence for a marsupial-eutherian dichotomy. Renfree, M.B., Short, R.V. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. (1988) [Pubmed]
  25. Determinants of prevalence, acquisition, and persistence of human papillomavirus in healthy Mexican military men. Lajous, M., Mueller, N., Cruz-Valdéz, A., Aguilar, L.V., Franceschi, S., Hernández-Avila, M., Lazcano-Ponce, E. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. (2005) [Pubmed]
  26. Transdermal delivery of testosterone. Findlay, J.C., Place, V.A., Snyder, P.J. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (1987) [Pubmed]
  27. Aging and tissue androgens. Deslypere, J.P., Vermeulen, A. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (1981) [Pubmed]
  28. Comparison of physician- and self-collected genital specimens for detection of human papillomavirus in men. Hernandez, B.Y., McDuffie, K., Goodman, M.T., Wilkens, L.R., Thompson, P., Zhu, X., Wong, W., Ning, L. J. Clin. Microbiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  29. Topical anesthesia with eutetic mixture of local anesthetics cream in vasectomy: 2 randomized trials. Honnens de Lichtenberg, M., Krogh, J., Rye, B., Miskowiak, J. J. Urol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  30. Obstructive uropathy secondary to massive inguinoscrotal bladder herniation. Pasquale, M.D., Shabahang, M., Evans, S.R. J. Urol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  31. Tumor angiogenesis factors reduce leukocyte adhesion in vivo. Tromp, S.C., oude Egbrink, M.G., Dings, R.P., van Velzen, S., Slaaf, D.W., Hillen, H.F., Tangelder, G.J., Reneman, R.S., Griffioen, A.W. Int. Immunol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  32. Cryptorchidism rescues spermatogonial differentiation in juvenile spermatogonial depletion (jsd) mice. Shetty, G., Weng, C.C. Endocrinology (2004) [Pubmed]
  33. Epidermal cell proliferative activity assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) decreases following immobilization-induced stress in male Syrian hamsters. Tsuchiya, T., Horii, I. Psychoneuroendocrinology (1996) [Pubmed]
  34. Aspermatogenic effect of the bull seminal ribonuclease (BS RNase) in the presence of anti-BS RNase antibodies in mice. Matousek, J. Anim. Genet. (1994) [Pubmed]
  35. A new role for androgen in testicular descent: permitting gubernacular cell proliferation in response to the neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide. Shenker, N.S., Huynh, J., Farmer, P.J., Hutson, J.M. J. Pediatr. Surg. (2006) [Pubmed]
  36. Treatment of primary hypogonadism in men by the transdermal administration of testosterone. Findlay, J.C., Place, V., Snyder, P.J. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (1989) [Pubmed]
  37. Synergy of abdominal pressure and androgens in testicular descent. Frey, H.L., Peng, S., Rajfer, J. Biol. Reprod. (1983) [Pubmed]
  38. Acute cortisol responses of lambs to castration using a rubber ring and/or a castration clamp with or without local anaesthetic. Dinniss, A.S., Mellor, D.J., Stafford, K.J., Bruce, R.A., Ward, R.N. New Zealand veterinary journal. (1997) [Pubmed]
  39. Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in men. Comparison of the partners of infected and uninfected women. Bergman, A., Nalick, R. The Journal of reproductive medicine. (1992) [Pubmed]
 
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