Disease relevance of Ringer-lactate

• Exfoliated colorectal carcinoma cells were obtained by lavage of 27 freshly resected tumor-bearing segments of human bowel with the use of either Hartmann's solution or medium 199 [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Using HTS instead of RL to resuscitate hemorrhagic shock diminishes vascular permeability in vivo by altering PMN-EC interactions [2].
• RESULTS: Chronic resuscitation with 5 mL/kg/hr RL, but not with 0 or 10 mL/kg/hr RL, restored cardiac output, hepatocellular function, and hepatic microvascular blood flow at 20 hours after hemorrhage [3].
• EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL--The measurements were made on pentobarbitone anaesthetised male Wistar rats of approximately 400 g body weight (10 infused with Hartmann's solution as controls and 10 infused with the drugs) [4].
• Serial dilutions of well-oxygenated fresh venous blood were performed anaerobically by using each of solutions 1-3 as well as 0.9% saline (SID = 0 mEq/L) and Hartmann's solution (SID = -4 mEq/L) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Ringer-lactate

• Food intake and locomotor activity of rats in the HbXL, NR and OB groups were more suppressed than the HSA or RL groups [6].

High impact information on Ringer-lactate

• In addition to red blood cell replacement, either RL or PL was infused (1) to maintain the cardiac output (CO) equal to or greater than the preoperative value, (2) to maintain the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) plus or minus 2 mmHg of preoperative values, and (3) to keep the urinary output greater than or equal to 30 cc/hr [7].
• The effect of Ringer's Lactate (RL) and a colloid containing salt solution Plasmanate (PL) on extravascular lung water (EVLW) during aortic surgery was evaluated in a prospective study of 18 patients [7].
• With PN, gastric emptying during the first 50 min was delayed by 38% compared with RL infusion; BCPN attenuated the effect, suggesting that postabsorptive control of food intake may act through changes in GE [8].
• After observations of cloudiness in the perfusion circuit at open intracardiac operations, laboratory experiments showed a precipitate in a Hartmann's solution (compound sodium lactate solution, Ringer-lactate) and sodium bicarbonate based priming fluid used for cardiopulmonary bypass [9].
• 1. Infusions of hot and cold Hartmann's solution were given into the hepatic portal vein and inferior vena cava of conscious rabbits [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ringer-lactate

• Hydrochloric acid was instilled into the respiratory tracts of three groups of rabbits: Group A received a high intravenous dose of human albumin (1.5 gm/kg body weight); Group B (control) was given Hartmann's solution, and Group C a low dose of albumin (0.25 gm/kg body weight) [11].
• Resuscitation by RL or NE consistently increases cardiac output but IP does so inconsistently and is associated with systemic hypotension [12].
• Following trauma and hypotension (MAP 40 mmHg; 3.0 +/- 0.5 hr) the animals were randomized to treatment with autologous blood and hydroxyethyl starch 6% (HES 450/0.7), or human serum albumin 5% (ALB), dextran-60 6% (DX), Ringer's lactate (RL), and hyperosmolar saline 1.3% (HS), respectively [13].

Biological context of Ringer-lactate

• Rats were then resuscitated with four times the shed blood volume with RL [14].
• To study this, male and female (estrus and proestrus) rats underwent a 5-cm midline laparotomy and were bled to and maintained at a mean blood pressure of 40 mmHg until 40% of the maximal bleed-out volume was returned in the form of Ringer lactate (RL) [14].
• INTERVENTIONS: Ringer's lactate (RL; n=22), normal saline solution (NS; n=22) or a low-molecular HES (mean molecular weight 130 kD) with a low degree of substitution (0.4; HES 130/0.4; n=22) were administered after induction of anesthesia until the 1st postoperative day (POD) to keep central venous pressure between 8-12 mmHg [15].
• Blood and plasma volume expansion, estimated by dilutional effects on haematocrit and serum albumin, were greater and more sustained after saline than after Hartmann's solution (P <0.01) [16].
• STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant ewes (n = 16) at 92 to 104 days of gestation (term, 145 days) underwent amniodistention with Hartmann's solution (group I, n = 8) or nitrous oxide (group II, n = 8) at 38 degrees C. Endoscopic tracheal clipping according to a standardized surgical protocol was performed in all animals [17].

Anatomical context of Ringer-lactate

• Moreover, the percentage of capillaries developing complete stasis was significantly lower in the dextran group (2.3 +/- 1.2%) compared to animals diluted with RL (22.3 +/- 4.8%) (P < 0.002) [18].
• Storage of freshly isolated vein in blood but not in Hartmann's solution also resulted in a decline in maximally stimulated endothelium-derived relaxing factor release that was not associated with loss of endothelium [19].
• Both D40 and RL temporarily raised the pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery wedge pressures to 15 mm Hg; D40 more than doubled the cardiac output of control or RL subjects--this was associated with a reduced pulmonary arteriolar resistance (P less than 0.05) [20].
• ICAM-1 lung endothelial cell mRNA, was increased in RL resuscitated animals, however reduced with A25 use by 51% [21].
• LPS-induced NF-kappaB translocation in alveolar macrophages after RL was 42% compared to 20% after HTS [22].

Associations of Ringer-lactate with other chemical compounds

• Both cephradine and metronidazole used as peritoneal lavage solutions improved survival (P less than 0.005) when compared with the controls but the difference was not significant when compared with irrigation with Hartmann's solution [23].
• The distribution of melphalan within tumour nodules and normal tissues was similar for both Krebs-Henseleit buffer and Hartmann's solution; however, tissue concentrations of melphalan were significantly higher for a perfusate containing 2.8% dextran 40 than for one containing 4.7% BSA [24].
• In pigs (n = 7) infused with lipopolysaccharide (50 micrograms/kg) and similarly resuscitated with RL, mesenteric perfusion (Qsma) decreased significantly and permeability increased progressively and significantly [25].
• Four clinical trials assessing the use of Ringer-lactate solution with 0.9 or 1% dextrose in paediatric patients suggest that it is appropriate for routine infusion in paediatric patients during the perioperative period [26].
• METHODS:: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent controlled shock and were resuscitated with RL (32 mL/kg) or HSPTX (4 mL/kg 7.5% NaCl + pentoxifylline 25 mg/kg) [27].

Gene context of Ringer-lactate

• Plasma levels of ELAM-1 and ICAM remained almost unchanged in the HES 130-, but significantly increased in the RL- and NS-treated patients [15].
• RESULTS: Resuscitation with A25 attenuated the increase in PMN CD11b expression in Ringer's lactate (RL) resuscitated animals at end resuscitation and at 4-hour post-LPS [21].
• RESULTS:: HSPTX resuscitation led to a 62% decrease in CINC levels compared with RL (p < 0.01) [27].
• Six hours after AP induction, animals were randomized into 4 groups to receive (1) no therapy; (2) 4 ml/kg/h Ringer's lactate (RL) i.v.; (3) 8 ml/kg/h RL i.v., or (4) 4 ml/kg/h RL plus an endothelin receptor antagonist [28].
• Krebs-Henseleit buffer and Hartmann's solution containing 4.7% bovine serum albumin (BSA) or 2.8% dextran 40 were used as perfusates [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ringer-lactate

• The Burns Calculator is designed for use during the first eight hours post-injury and is based upon the Parkland resuscitation formula, using only Hartmann's solution BP [29].
• METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 5-cm laparotomy (i.e., trauma was induced) and were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg until 40% of maximal bleed-out volume was returned in the form of Ringer's lactate (RL) [3].
• GE was measured by scintigraphy after ingestion of a liquid test meal, at weekly intervals, after a 6-h infusion of Ringer lactate solution (RL), peripheral PN, or PN with half the amino acids replaced with BCAAs (BCPN) [8].
• After the vagi were rewarmed, pulmonary oedema was induced by rapid intravenous infusion of Hartmann's solution [30].
• Comparison of pentastarch and Hartmann's solution for volume preloading in spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section [31].

References