Disease relevance of Ileostomy

• Infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine methionine, and peptide histidine valine into patients with ileostomies produced mean plateau plasma levels of 163, 1301, and 2106 pM, respectively, which are within the range seen in the Verner Morrison syndrome [1].
• Basal plasma motilin and postprandial plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide were raised in ileal reservoir patients, but similar changes also occurred in ulcerative colitis patients and those with conventional ileostomy [2].
• Whey from defatted colostrum was fractionated by ultrafiltration, and the < 100K, < 30K, and < 10K fractions and the colostral whey were tested for inhibition of in vitro adhesion of radiolabelled S-fimbria-bearing E. coli to human ileostomy glycoproteins, which provide a model for human intestinal mucus [3].
• Of the patients 11 (25%) had a history of inflammatory bowel disease with 10 (22.7%) having undergone ileostomy diversion, 6 (13.6%) admitted to a history of significant laxative use or abuse, 18 (40.9%) were morbidly obese, 16 (36.4%) had a history of recurrent urinary tract infections and 9 (20.5%) had a history of recurrent uric acid stones [4].
• Idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and contaminated small bowel syndrome--treatment with metronidazole, ileostomy, and indomethacin [5].

Psychiatry related information on Ileostomy

• A 62-year-old woman, after a resection and ileostomy for multiple perforations of the terminal ileum and prolonged postoperative parenteral nutrition, developed thiamine deficiency with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features of Wernicke's disease [6].

High impact information on Ileostomy

• Studies of nitrate balance in humans and analyses of fecal and ileostomy samples indicate that nitrite and nitrate are formed de novo in the intestine, possibly by heterotrophic nitrification [7].
• No increased SP binding was evident in clinically and pathologically quiescent UC colons and normal UC ileostomy samples [8].
• In patients with defunctioning high ileostomy, FBA output increased markedly (maximum, 3054 mg/day), and serum cholesterol levels were also significantly lower (P less than 0.05) [9].
• The effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid on the small-intestinal absorption of endogenous bile acids were studied in patients with ileostomies who served as a model to investigate small-intestinal absorption in humans [10].
• Fecal volatile fatty acids, products of anaerobic bacterial fermentation, were also increased in pouch effluent compared with ileostomy effluent (propionate, p less than 0.05; butyrate, p less than 0.01) [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ileostomy

• The aim of this study was to determine whether fluid homeostasis could be maintained by using a hypo-osmolar (200 to 221 mosmol/kg), relatively low-sodium (50 to 52 mmol/liter) solution that contained a glucose polymer in a 54-year-old patient with high ileostomy output attributed to short-gut syndrome and resultant prerenal azotemia [12].
• Subcutaneous gentamycin implant to reduce wound infections after loop-ileostomy closure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [13].
• Stapled J-pouch ileoanal operations were performed in 75 patients (35 men, 40 women; 72 with ulcerative colitis, 3 with familial polyposis) without an ileostomy in 68 (43 taking prednisone, 12 emergent surgery, 8 completion proctectomy with ileostomy takedown) [14].
• METHODS: Gastric emptying time (GET) for a solid diet (rice gruel) with the use of a radioisotope method and for a liquid diet (orange juice) with the use of an acetaminophen method were assessed in 36 patients with ulcerative colitis more than 30 months after closure of protective ileostomy [15].
• Thus patients with ileostomy after colectomy because of ulcerative colitis have normal cholesterol saturation and nucleation time of bile [16].

Biological context of Ileostomy

• We have confirmed the phenomenon of 'low sodium' diuresis after sodium restriction in ileostomy patients and shown that it can be prevented by desmopressin [17].
• Gastric emptying and transit of a standard meal through the small bowel were estimated, whilst the amounts of fat, nitrogen, glucose, sodium and potassium excreted by the ileostomy were simultaneously determined [18].
• The bioavailability of three pure 5-aminosalicylic (5-ASA) preparations (Asacol, Claversal, and Pentasa) was studied in 8 ileostomy patients and 12 normal subjects after 6 days of treatment with 2000 mg 5-ASA [19].
• Kinetics of gastro-intestinal transit and carotenoid absorption and disposal in ileostomy volunteers fed spinach meals [20].
• Effects of meal frequency and high-fibre rye-bread diet on glucose and lipid metabolism and ileal excretion of energy and sterols in ileostomy subjects [21].

Anatomical context of Ileostomy

• At every concentration, significant (p less than 0.05) reductions were present compared with ileum from 7 ileostomy controls, 0.5 to 27 yr old whose uptake was 1.40 +/- 0.28 mumol/g dry wt . min (mean +/- SEM) at 0.1 mM; 6.36 +/- 1.33 mumol/g dry wt . min at 1.0 mM, and 76.20 +/- 19.30 mumol/g dry wt . min at 10.0 mM taurocholic acid [22].
• Microbial threonine of normal and ileostomy subjects appears in the blood plasma but the net contribution to the body threonine economy cannot be estimated reliably from the present data [23].
• To investigate the digestion of phytate in the stomach and small intestine in humans, studies were performed in subjects with established ileostomy [24].
• The ileostomy effluent of such patients showed little ability to reduce sulfinpyrazone in vitro, in contrast to the extensive reduction detected with normal feces [25].
• Orally ingested human lactoferrin is digested and secreted in the upper gastrointestinal tract in vivo in women with ileostomies [26].

Associations of Ileostomy with chemical compounds

• Eight and 48 h later, respectively, 58% and 65% of the dose was recovered in the ileostomy effluents, either as 5-aminosalicylic acid still retained in the preparation, free 5-aminosalicylic acid or acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid [27].
• Seventy-five to ninety percent of the drug was excreted in ileostomy effluents of 6 patients as SASP, and only 5% of the dose was sulfapyridine [28].
• Bisacodyl, 5 mg every 6 hr, increased ileostomy output by 15% when it was fed to 5 patients with established ileostomies [29].
• The role of the small bowel in absorption and metabolism of SASP was determined by the amount of administered SASP excreted in ileostomy effluents, and the concentration of serum and urinary SASP and its metabolites, sulfapyridine and 5-amino salicylic acid [28].
• Analyses of human fecal and ileostomy samples by a method that is insensitive and free from interferences indicate that nitrate and nitrite levels in the intestine are lower than reported previously [30].

Gene context of Ileostomy

• Longstanding ileostomies in patients with FAP or UC should be followed to exclude the development of adenoma, dysplasia, or cancer [31].
• The postprandial increase of peptide YY in patients with an ileostomy indicates that enteral substrate in the colon is not necessary for stimulation of peptide YY secretion [32].
• The importance of these colonic L-cells for postprandial GLP-1 was determined in healthy control subjects and in ileostomy patients with minimal small bowel resection (<5 cm) [33].
• Reduction of the effluent volume in high-output ileostomy patients by a somatostatin analogue, SMS 201-995 [34].
• Whereas plasma bile acid levels were significantly increased after 30-45 min (p < 0.05), both with and without a loop ileostomy, neurotensin levels were not affected [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ileostomy

• In cats, ileostomy and portal venous cannulations revealed that 20--30% of administered SASP is absorbed from the small bowel without being metabolized [28].
• Patients with UC and FAP were stratified separately according to associated factors (age, sex, surgeon's experience, temporary ileostomy, colectomy before IPAA, anastomotic tension, and several factors specific for UC) [36].
• In a double blind, placebo controlled crossover study, comprising eight similar volunteers, ileostomy fluid output increased (p less than 0.05) in a dose related manner during intake of azodisal sodium (1 g/day vs 2 g/day) compared with placebo or sulphasalazine (2 g/day) [37].
• The objective of this study was to determine whether soy fiber supplementation of total enteral nutrition formulas affected small intestinal recovery of nitrogen, amino acids, and carbohydrates or mucin output in eight human subjects (four males, four females) with ileostomies [38].
• METHODS: Gastrointestinal bacterial colonization in 27 patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and 20 patients with a Brooke ileostomy was assessed using the 14C-glycocholate and glucose-hydrogen breath tests [39].

References