Disease relevance of Bronchial Arteries

• The use of intraarterially administered barbiturates and lidocaine may be more sensitive than angiography for predicting cord blood supply during arteriography for spinal arteriovenous malformations or embolization of critical vessels, such as the right bronchial artery [1].
• Bronchial expression of VEGF-A alters late-stage morphogenesis of conducting airways and primary bronchial arteries and causes respiratory failure at birth [2].
• A patient was referred to our hospital with a superior vena cava syndrome after the rupture of a bronchial artery aneurysm [3].
• Extrapleural bronchial artery ligation is an effective method of controlling hemoptysis in CF, when BAE has failed [4].
• We determined the dose-response curve for the effect of histamine on pulmonary fluid and protein exchange when histamine was infused directly into the bronchial artery or pulmonary circulation in anesthetized sheep with a right thoracotomy and an acutely prepared lung lymph fistula [5].

High impact information on Bronchial Arteries

• These studies indicate that serotonin, angiotensin, histamine, and norepinephrine injected selectively into a bronchial artery increase lobar arterial pressure [6].
• Immunohistochemical analysis of normal lung tissue showed positive staining limited to the endothelial cells of the bronchial arteries regardless of size with few cells of the pulmonary circulation associated with tPA [7].
• Coronary to bronchial artery anastomosis with bronchial steal syndrome demonstrated by thallium-201 myocardial tomoscintigraphy [8].
• Both human bronchial arteries and rabbit aorta expressed messenger RNA for EMT, and steroids blocked NE uptake into freshly dissociated human bronchial arterial and rabbit aortic smooth-muscle cells (SMCs) [9].
• After 10 min, airway resistance (Raw) was measured before and after vagal nerve stimulation (30 Hz, 30-ms duration at 30 V for 9 s.) and methacholine challenge (2 microg/ml at 2 ml/min in the bronchial artery) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bronchial Arteries

• This case study describes the successful treatment of major hemoptysis in CF with tranexamic acid, in an individual in whom 12 previous BAE procedures had been performed and further procedures were contraindicated secondary to bronchial artery to spinal artery collaterals [11].

Biological context of Bronchial Arteries

• After 10 min, airway resistance was measured before and after vagal nerve stimulation and methacholine given via the bronchial artery [12].
• Infusion of propofol and ketamine into the bronchial artery caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction to 26+/-11% and 8+/-2% of maximum, respectively (P<0.0001) [12].
• Vessel-specific gene expression in the lung: tissue plasminogen activator expression is limited to bronchial arteries and pulmonary vessels of discrete size [13].
• A vasoconstrictor response in the pulmonary vascular bed and clear-cut vasodilatation in the bronchial circulation supplied by the bronchial artery also occurred upon vagal stimulation [14].
• The ganglionic blocking agent chlorisondamine further reduced the nerve stimulation evoked decrease in vascular resistance in the superior laryngeal artery, but did not influence the response of the bronchial artery [15].

Anatomical context of Bronchial Arteries

• In 21 anesthetized dogs, we placed a flow probe around the right bronchial artery and examined changes in bronchial blood flow and bronchial vascular conductance when pulmonary C-fibers were stimulated by right atrial injection of capsaicin [16].
• However, in spite of minimal systemic changes, in both groups 5-HT evoked increases in blood flow to the brain, heart and stomach at the expense of the kidneys, skin, liver (hepatic artery) and lungs (bronchial artery plus arteriovenous anastomotic flow) [17].
• The calibre of the bronchial artery at its anastomosis with the branch of the pulmonary artery was greater than at its origin from the bronchoesophageal artery [18].
• We counted the hillocks (greater than 0.2 mm diam) in an area of mucosa (1.2 cm2) before and after injecting capsaicin (3 micrograms) into a bronchial artery to stimulate bronchial C-fibers [19].
• The bronchial artery was more sensitive to phenylephrine and less sensitive to carbachol than the corresponding pulmonary vein, which was in turn more sensitive to the spasmogenic action of serotonin, SRS-A and prostaglandins than the artery [20].

Associations of Bronchial Arteries with chemical compounds

• We therefore studied expression of the steroid-sensitive extraneuronal monoamine transporter (EMT) and steroid sensitivity of NE uptake in human bronchial artery and rabbit aorta (as a substitute for the limited supply of human bronchial artery) [9].
• 1. Anesthetized pigs were used to study vascular responses in the sphenopalatine artery (SPA), superior laryngeal artery (SLA) and bronchial artery (BA) upon exposure to cigarette smoke or aerosol of nicotine and capsaicin [21].
• 4 Carbachol, at all concentrations, caused contractions of the bronchial artery which were completely, irreversibly blocked by atropine [22].
• In random order, propofol with and without metabisulfite, lidocaine (5 mg/ml), or metabisulfite alone (0.125 mg/ml) was infused into the bronchial artery at a rate of 0.06, 0.2, or 0.6 ml/min [10].
• Infusion of bradykinin into the bronchial artery resulted in a prompt and prolonged 107% increase in lung lymph flow [23].

Gene context of Bronchial Arteries

• The compression, displacement and transportation of the bronchial arteries (vasa privata) is shown is postmortem angiography [24].
• NPY caused a contraction of both pulmonary and bronchial arteries [25].
• In contrast, bronchial arteries that were precontracted with either 10(-4) M norepinephrine or 10(-8) M vasopressin significantly relaxed in response to 10(-4) to 3 x 10(-3) M and 10(-3) to 3 x 10(-3) M furosemide, respectively [26].
• Our therapeutic regimen for osteogenic sarcoma at the present time consists of regional perfusion, amputation, bronchial artery infusion, and systemic administration of anticancer agents [27].
• Substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), capsaicin, bradykinin and histamine all decreased vascular resistance, suggesting vasodilation in the superior laryngeal and bronchial arteries [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bronchial Arteries

• In the sham group (n = 7), the bronchial artery was surgically exposed but left intact without ligation or ethanol injection [29].
• To determine whether methacholine causes vagally mediated reflex constriction of airway smooth muscle, we administered methacholine to sheep either via the bronchial artery or as an aerosol via tracheostomy into the lower airways [30].
• As consolidation therapy seven patients received two courses of BCNU median 29 mg/m2 (range 24-73 mg/m2) short term intraarterial infusion in the bronchial artery with 2 to 3-weeks intervals [31].
• Temporizing maneuvers such as iced saline lavage, intravenous administration of vasopressin, endobronchial tamponade and bronchial artery embolization will often stabilize the patient in preparation for definitive surgery [32].
• Bilateral vagotomy essentially eliminated the trachealis response and the airways resistance change after lower airways challenge (either via the bronchial artery or via aerosol) with methacholine [30].

References