Disease relevance of Cyprinodontiformes

• Hereditary melanoma in Xiphophorus hybrids is caused by the receptor tyrosine kinase Xmrk [1].
• To investigate its chronic toxicity, mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) adults and fry were exposed to aqueous sodium perchlorate at 1, 10, and 100mg/L, and growth and reproductive performance (fecundity, eggs/embryos mass, and gonadosomatic index [GSI]) were determined [2].
• Genetics of susceptibility in the platyfish/swordtail tumor system to develop fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma following treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) [3].

High impact information on Cyprinodontiformes

• Novel putative receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the melanoma-inducing Tu locus in Xiphophorus [4].
• Electrophoretic variations ascribable to three enzyme loci coding for esterase-1 and -4 (ES1 and ES4) and a malate dehydrogenase-2 isozyme (MDH2) were studied in interspecific backcrosses of fishes of the genus Xiphophorus (Poeciliidae) [5].
• Fluence response relationships for the induction of DNA damage in the skin of UV-irradiated Xiphophorus fish were obtained by quantitative gel electrophoresis of unlabeled DNA following extraction and treatment with an enzyme preparation that makes single strand breaks next to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers [6].
• Our findings may indicate that c-src activity in Xiphophorus is modulated by the Tu gene product or that Tu and c-src are regulated coordinately [7].
• We have cloned, sequenced, and characterized the RNA expression properties of a fish CDKN2 gene from Xiphophorus helleri and X. maculatus [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cyprinodontiformes

• Virus-like particles induced by bromodeoxyuridine in melanoma and neuroblastoma of Xiphophorus [9].
• In this study, the acute toxicity and the in vivo effects of commercial chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and glyphosate formulations on cholinesterase (ChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of the mosquitofish (Gambusia yucatana) were investigated [10].
• It showed high activity in the Artemia salina bioassay and moderate toxicity in the fish (Gambusia affinis) lethality assay [11].
• This study evaluated the acute toxicity of three therapeutic agents (diazepam, clofibrate, and clofibric acid) and a detergent (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS) in three aquatic species, namely the euryhaline fish Gambusia holbrooki, the hypersaline crustacean Artemia parthenogenetica, and the marine algae Tetraselmis chuii [12].
• Therefore, this study evaluate toxicity of dimilin (25% W.P), a trade formulation of diflubenzuron, on a larvivorous non-target species, Gambusia affinis (Pisces, Poeciliidae) [13].

Biological context of Cyprinodontiformes

• Two of them are located in a subtelomeric region of the sex chromosomes, where they are associated with the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase genes, of which oncogenic versions are responsible for the formation of hereditary melanoma in Xiphophorus [14].
• It is suggested that these modifications in serotonin localization may be related to reproductive senescence in platyfish and that they may be associated with other age-related changes in neurohormone and neurotransmitter immunoreactivity [15].
• Identification and mapping of two divergent, unlinked major histocompatibility complex class II B genes in Xiphophorus fishes [16].
• In the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus, this master gene is flanked by two receptor tyrosine kinase genes, the Xmrk oncogene responsible for melanoma formation in some Xiphophorus interspecific hybrids, and its proto-oncogenic counterpart [17].
• Triplet repeat variability in the signal peptide sequence of the Xmrk receptor tyrosine kinase gene in Xiphophorus fish [18].

Anatomical context of Cyprinodontiformes

• Immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase (ir-TH), the rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of dopamine and other catecholamines, was localized in the brain and pituitary gland of sexually mature platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) [19].
• Effects of nonylphenol and 17beta-estradiol on vitellogenin synthesis and testis morphology in male platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus [20].
• Perchlorate affects thyroid function in eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) at environmentally relevant concentrations [21].
• Topographical distribution of estrogen target cells in the forebrain of platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus, studied by autoradiography [22].
• Use of immunocytochemical staining of somatostatin for correlative light and electron microscopic investigation of D cells in the pancreatic islet of Xiphophorus helleri H. (Teleostei) [23].

Associations of Cyprinodontiformes with chemical compounds

• Certain populations of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) are highly resistant to endrin (42-fold), but are not cross-resistant to cypermethrin [24].
• Male mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) were collected monthly from December 2000 through May 2001 from Lake Apopka and two nearby reference lakes, Orange Lake and Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge [25].
• Estrogen target cells in the pituitary of platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus [26].
• This report focuses on the impact of low concentrations of two purported endocrine-disrupting xenobiotic compounds, nonylphenol and methoxychlor, on two freshwater teleosts of the genus Xiphophorus, X. maculatus, commonly known as the platyfish, and X. helleri, commonly known as the swordtail [27].
• The blood androgen and glucocorticoid levels of male Haplochromis burtoni and Xiphophorus helleri were measured in socially isolated individuals (8 and 4 weeks, respectively) and nonisolated controls [28].

Gene context of Cyprinodontiformes

• Previously we assigned the Xiphophorus homologue of the human ERCC2 gene to linkage group U5 in tight association with the CKM locus [29].
• Specific activation of a STAT family member in Xiphophorus melanoma cells [30].
• To study their structural and functional conservation during evolution, we have compared NGF and BDNF from a lower vertebrate, the teleost fish Xiphophorus, with the mammalian homologues [31].
• The cumulative evidence indicates that in Xiphophorus, Xmrk suppresses differentiation signals relayed by MITF as part of the transformation process finally resulting in melanoma formation [32].
• Assignment of the TP53 orthologue to a new linkage group (LG XIV) in fish of the genus Xiphophorus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cyprinodontiformes

• Knowledge of the Xiphophorus TP53 sequences will allow assessment of mutational alterations within tumors generated from numerous fish genetic crosses [34].
• Plasma and mucosal proteins from Pimephales promelas and Fundulus heteroclitus and mucosal proteins from Gambusia holbrooki were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stained with a commercially available fluropore dye (Pro-Q Diamond), and visualized by ultraviolet transillumination [35].
• Somatostatin (SRIF) was localized by immunocytochemistry in the brains and pituitary glands of male and female platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) between the ages of 8 and 30 months (average life span is 30 months) [36].
• In this report, male and female platyfish received intraperitoneal injections of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 or 60 microg/g body wt. of the non-competitive NMDAR antagonist MK-801 [37].
• The expression of the c-src gene in embryonic and adult tissue of the teleost fish Xiphophorus helleri was analyzed by in-situ hybridization [38].

References