Disease relevance of Cytoplasm

• Adenoma cells were reactive with Mr 14,500 anti-lectin antibody at their luminal surfaces or cytoplasms, but they did not stain with Mr 31,000 anti-lectin antibody [1].
• The gene atp6, encoding subunit 6 of the mitochondrial F0-ATPase complex, has been characterized from both the normal (fertile) and Ogura (male-sterile) radish cytoplasms in order to determine if previously identified atp6 transcriptional differences could play a role in cytoplasmic male sterility [2].
• Expression of mGluR4 was detected in 131 (54%) of 241 colorectal carcinomas and 12 (5%) cases among them showed overexpression in their cytoplasms [3].
• 3-Nitrotyrosine was observed in the cytoplasms of PAHF and dysplastic hepatocytes in preneoplasias and in the cytoplasms of some living or apoptotic HCC cells, connective tissues, proteinaceous fluids, sinusoidal endothelia of tumorous hepatocytes and cholangiomas in tumors [4].
• The c-myc transcript was detected at both higher and lower stringencies in Northern blotting in human glioma cells, whereas it was demonstrated only at lower stringency in rat glioma cells, and the c-myc transcript was seen in cytoplasms of both glioma cells by in situ hybridization [5].

High impact information on Cytoplasm

• Gap junction channels connect the cytoplasms of apposed cells via an intercellular conduit formed by the end-to-end docking of two hexameric hemichannels called connexons [6].
• These cells shared cytoplasms with incomplete septa, and possessed aberrant septin ring structures [7].
• Furthermore, the cytoplasms of STGCs were strongly stained with antibody against mouse prolactin, which could similarly stain trophoblasts in placenta [8].
• Since present methods for the isolation of heterokaryons are unsuitable for the selection of hybrids between whole cells and anucleate cytoplasms (heteroplasmons), a selective system has been developed which is based on the capacity of anucleate cytoplasms containing active enzymes to rescue whole cells poisoned with iodoacetate [9].
• Light microscopic study revealed that the cytoplasms of these cells were clear or stained weakly eosinophilic on hematoxylin and eosin staining and that the cell limits were distinct [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cytoplasm

• RNA editing and NH2-terminal processing of subunit 6 (atp6) of the mitochondrial Fo-ATPase complex has been investigated for the normal (fertile) and Ogura (male-sterile) radish cytoplasms to determine if previously identified differences between the Ogura atp6 locus and its normal radish counterpart are associated with cytoplasmic male sterility [11].
• Histochemical (diffuse PAS-positive cytoplasms) and immunohistochemical stains (wide spectrum cytokeratins low molecular cytokeratins+, Ck8+, CD10+, Vimentin+, Ck20-, Ck7-, Ck19-, PSA-, thyreoglobulin-, TTF-) performed both on cytologic and histological material helped to define the metastases as oriinating from the renal clear cell carcinoma [12].
• In leukemic undifferentiated cells, less marked in acute than in chronic granulocytic leukemia, the cytoplasms contained a great quantity of folate [13].

Biological context of Cytoplasm

• Lamin B1 phosphorylation was partly reduced, but its cleavage was completely prevented, despite the presence of active caspase-6, by adding a selective PKC-betas inhibitor, hispidin, to the apoptotic cytoplasms [14].
• Various cytoplasms of broad bean contain three mitochondrial plasmids (mtp1, 2 and 3), previously described [15].
• The 4.5 kb CMS-associated pol segment has thus apparently undergone transposition during the evolution of the nap and pol cytoplasms and has been lost in the cam genome subsequent to the pol-cam divergence [16].
• We report here two methods of fusing erythroid cells from bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), using polyethylene glycol or calcium phosphate, which yield masses of polykaryons in which the cytoplasms and nuclei of tadpole and adult frog erythroid cells are intermixed [17].

Anatomical context of Cytoplasm

• Trypsin treatment of infected cell surfaces as well as of microsome vesicles from infected cells followed by immunoprecipitation with antiserum to the GST fusion protein containing the 56 C-terminal amino acid residues of CM2 suggested that this C-terminal domain is intracellular and exposed to the cytoplasms of microsomes [18].
• Pituitary glands of young adult female PRLKO mice were hyperplastic, and many cells had expanded cytoplasms with granular accumulations of an N-terminal peptide encoded by the disrupted PRL gene (KO/10 peptide) [19].
• The epithelioid cells and phagocytic histiocytes in the choroid were la+ and OKM1+, antigenic determinants specific for bone marrow-derived monocytes, and their cytoplasms exhibited histochemical reactivity for alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and lysozyme [20].
• RESULTS: In normal tissues and benign proliferative lesions, c-kit product was consistently detected on epithelial cell membranes and/or cytoplasms regardless of gender difference [21].
• Three ATPase subunit 6 (atp6) genes of rice mitochondria were isolated, one from normal and two from cms-Bo male-sterile cytoplasms, in order to determine whether the extra atp6 gene in cms-Bo rice plays a role in cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) [22].

Associations of Cytoplasm with chemical compounds

• In vitro analysis of hypothalamic and pituitary cytoplasms showed that in vivo administration of DDC increased E2 binding [23].
• The cytoplasms and nuclei of these cells increase in volume, and the nuclei incorporate tritiated thymidine [24].
• The fusion protein was isolated from the cytoplasms of IPTG (isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside)-induced recombinant bacteria by affinity chromatography and cleaved with thrombin [25].
• Sertoli cell number is increased in the seminiferous tubules of mice overexpressing rABP compared to non-transgenic littermates and scattered Sertoli cells present vacuolated-like cytoplasms, PAS and osmium negative [26].
• In autoradiographs of PVG incubated in [3H]glycine (glutaraldehyde fix), the cytoplasms of R3-R14 have 3--4 times more silver grains (No./100 sq.micrometer) than other neurons [27].

Gene context of Cytoplasm

• These findings demonstrate the widespread distribution of PRLR in human digestive tissues and its localization both in cytoplasms and nuclei [28].
• Histologic examination of AFP-producing stomach tumors revealed medullary or papillotubular arrangements with marked nuclear atypia and eosinophilic granular or clear cytoplasms containing no glycogen or mucin [29].
• FN and col I were present in the cytoplasms of both cell types [30].
• The cytoplasms of these endothelial cells are ultrastructurally non-fenestrated type, and they barely express von Willebrand factor (vWf) [31].
• RESULTS: In the normal islets, cdk6 staining was strongly positive for islet cell nuclei and cytoplasms, whereas p16 was strongly positively stained for islet cell cytoplasms [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cytoplasm

• (iii) Immunofluorescence studies localized the UL21 antigen primarily in brightly staining granules in the cytoplasms of infected cells [33].
• Immunohistochemistry showed IAP was present in the cytoplasms of normal granulocytes and histiocytes but not in neoplastic histiocytes [34].
• In addition, the expression of iodinated 19S Tg in the cell cytoplasms in the monolayer cultures was revealed by immunoblotting and autoradiographic assays [35].

References