Disease relevance of Maceight

• Controls injected repeatedly with tricaprylin developed two sarcomas at the injection site [1].
• In tricaprylin-treated control animals, there were 0.67 adenomas/mouse [2].
• Five-week-old male mice of strains C57BL/6NCr (C57), C3H/HeNCrMTV- (C3H) and DBA/2NCr (DBA) were given a single i.p. injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN, 90 mg/kg body weight) or the solvent tricaprylin (10 ml/kg) [3].
• The incidence of adenocarcinomas in rats treated with B[a]P or PhIP was comparable and significantly higher than that in animals receiving trioctanoin only [4].
• The incidence of benign tumors (fibroadenomas, desmoplastic adenomas and adenomas) observed in animals treated with B[a]P or 1-NP was comparable and significantly higher than that in animals given PhIP or trioctanoin [4].

High impact information on Maceight

• Pregnant rabbits of two partially inbred strains, WH/J and IIIVO/J, were given ten consecutive daily ip injections of 10 mg N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)/kg dissolved in trioctanoin starting on either day 10, 15, or 18 of gestation [5].
• The trioctanoin and tripalmitin breath tests were sensitive, but lacked specificity (69% and 58% false-positive results, respectively) [6].
• Changes in small lymphocyte subsets in the lymphoid organs of young C3H mice were studied following i.m. injection of a carcinogenic dose of 3-methylcholanthrene in trioctanoin oil [7].
• The corresponding values with porcine pancreatic lipase were 3% in the case of trioctanoin and 8% in that of triolein [8].
• It is worth noting that rabbit gastric lipase, unlike human gastric lipase, became more stereoselective for the triglyceride with shorter acyl chains (trioctanoin) [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Maceight

• Fish fed the diets containing tricaprylin at all inclusion levels in both feeding experiments had significantly lower weight gains and feed efficiencies and higher levels of beta-hydroxybutyric acid in plasma [9].
• Although tricaprylin was found to be positive in one of five strains of Salmonella typhimurium in the presence of metabolic activation in an Ames mutagenicity assay, the results of the carcinogenicity test with tricaprylin and mutagenicity tests with caprylic acid indicate that MCTs do not have the potential to be carcinogenic or mutagenic [10].

Biological context of Maceight

• Pregnant rabbits of the two partially inbred strains III and WH were given ip injections of a single dose of 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea (ENU) (60 mg/kg) in trioctanoin on day 18 of gestation [11].
• The main purpose of this study was to describe the influence of lecithin upon lipolysis of mixed monomolecular films of trioctanoylglycerol/didodecanoylphosphatidycholine by pancreatic lipase in order to mimic some physiological situations [12].
• Male Fischer rats were subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy and at the peak of cell proliferation 24 h later were administered either the solvent trioctanoin, or 10 mg DEN/kg [13].
• Assayed against a mixture of triacylglycerol substrates, the val209trp + phe112trp mature lipase mutant showed an 80-fold increase in the hydrolysis of tributyrin relative to the hydrolysis of tricaprylin while no triolein hydrolysis was detected [14].
• Pharmacokinetic parameters of LMWH were not significantly changed by conjugation with DOCA; however, when LMWH-DOCA in tricaprylin microemulsion was orally administered in mice, its bioavailability was increased up to 1.5% [15].

Anatomical context of Maceight

• Extensive symplasma formation in the uterine epithelium of the tricaprylin-treated segments was observed on Days 2 and 3; this had degenerated by Day 4 and was absent by Day 6 [16].
• Compared with the solvent control group (trioctanoin), both NNN and NNK induced significant numbers of tumors of the nasal cavity (P less than 0.01) at all three dose levels in both male and female rats [17].
• Mice given 10-weekly injections (i.m.) of 20 mumol of isopropyl methanesulfonate (IPMS) in trioctanoin exhibited depressed hematopoiesis as manifested by reduced peripheral blood counts and by reduced thymic and bone marrow cellularities [18].
• Racemic 7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]pyrene ((+/-)-anti-BPDE) modified DNA samples were produced in vitro, by reacting (+/-)-anti-BPDE with calf thymus DNA, and in vivo in Swiss female mice by single i.p. injection of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (200 mg/kg body weight dissolved in tricaprylin) [19].
• Subcutaneous injections of Tricaprylin in rats over a period of 5 weeks caused a granulomatous reaction characterized by oil deposits surrounded by macrophages [20].

Associations of Maceight with other chemical compounds

• Female rats were subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy and administered either diethylnitrosamine (10 mg/kg) or the solvent, trioctanoin [21].
• Rats fasted for 2 days were refed a fat-free diet or diets containing various fats (tricaprylin, trilaurin, trimyristin, tristearin, camellia oil, or safflower oil) at the 10% level for 1, 3, or 7 days [22].
• Tricaproin, tricaprin and trilaurin are utilized more efficiently than tricaprylin by carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae [23].
• 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), an established mammary carcinogen in the same animal model, was used as a positive control and trioctanoin as a negative control [24].
• Ethanol, water, panasate 800 (tricaprylin), and their mixtures were used as vehicles, and then a series of fatty acids or fatty alcohols was employed as representative enhancers [25].

Gene context of Maceight

• Recombinant human HSL also hydrolyzes insoluble medium- and long-chain acylglycerols such as trioctanoylglycerol, dioleoylglycerol, and olive oil, and can therefore be classified as a true lipase [26].
• Orally ingested glyceryl trioctanoate, a medium-chain triacylglyceride rich in milk lipids, significantly increased the level of n-octanoyl-modified ghrelin in murine stomach [27].
• Line widths of trioctanoin surface peaks were half that of LCT, and relaxation times, T1, were also shorter for trioctanoin, showing greater mobility for MCT in phospholipid [28].
• At all time points, chicks fed the diet containing LCT had significantly lower plasma CCK concentrations than those fed MCT, and chicks fed glyceryl tricaprate had higher concentrations than those fed glyceryl tricaprylate [29].
• The mean +/- SD PDR of 13C from trioctanoin was 36.3 +/- 8.4% for FBM and 34.6 +/- 6.3% for HBM (NS) [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Maceight

• Control groups received tricaprylin alone [31].
• The enzyme system was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of a trioctanoin solution of 3-methylcholanthrene into C57B1/6J mice 24 hours before the hepatic AHH was measured [32].
• 13C-labeled trioctanoin breath test for exocrine pancreatic function test in patients after pancreatoduodenectomy [33].
• The stability and rheology of tricaprylin oil-in-water emulsions containing a mixture of surface-active hydrophilic silica nanoparticles and pure nonionic surfactant molecules are reported and compared with those of emulsions stabilized by each emulsifier alone [34].
• Therefore, BTC produced a significant (P less than 0.001) and dose-related increase in the lung tumor response when compared to tricaprylin controls and is a potent carcinogen in the strain A mouse lung tumor bioassay [35].

References