Disease relevance of Cephazolin

• Alafosfalin was found to be highly active against Escherichia coli and moderately active against Serratia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter, but less active against gram-positive organisms than were beta-lactams such as cephazolin or ampicillin and inactive against indole-positive Proteus, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter [1].
• Cephazolin, given either pre-operatively, or into the wound, reduced wound infection rates compared with a control group (from 11.8 to 2.4 per cent, P less than 0.005) [2].
• There were no cases of cholangitis or septicaemia in the ciprofloxacin group and three cases in the cephazolin group [3].
• This is the first reported case of cephazolin-associated pseudomembranous colitis [4].
• The cellulitis resolved following treatment with intravenous cefazoline [5].

Psychiatry related information on Cephazolin

• The anticonvulsant activity of avermectin B (AVM) was studied after systemic administration in DBA/2 mice (seizures induced by sound) and rats (seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol, cephazolin and maximal electroshock test) [6].

High impact information on Cephazolin

• Comparison of the antimicrobial prophylactic efficacy of cefotaxime and cephazolin in obstetric and gynaecological surgery. A randomised multicentre study [7].
• Also, it was comparable in efficacy to cephalothin in the prophylaxis of infection in patients undergoing open heart surgery or vaginal hysterectomy, and to cephazolin in patients undergoing cholecystectomy [8].
• The human pharmacology of cefoperazone is similar to cephazolin in terms of serum concentrations, half-life, protein binding, and apparent volume of distribution, but markedly different in terms of biliary and renal excretion [9].
• Comparing the biliary excretion of cefoperazone and cephazolin in a crossover study in patients, the excretion of cefoperazone was shown to be much higher than that of cephazolin [10].
• METHODS: A total of 127 patients with liver tumours were prospectively randomized into two groups after hepatectomy: in group 1 (62 patients) no antibiotics were given until the appearance of infective complications; in group 2 (65 patients) intravenous cephazolin 1 g every 6 h and gentamicin 80 mg every 8 h were given for 7 days [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cephazolin

• There was no overall difference in the infection rates between the two antibiotic groups, but in the group of patients with jaundice there was an excess of wound infections in the cephazolin group compared to the sulbactam/ampicillin group (35% vs. 14%) [12].
• A comparison of cefotetan and cephazolin for prophylaxis against wound infection after elective cholecystectomy [13].
• No wound infection occurred in 22 patients receiving cephazolin with metronidazole [14].
• The concentration of cephazolin in the serum, gall bladder bile, common duct bile, and gall bladder wall were consideredably higher than cephalothin especially with IV administration and indicate that cephazolin should be a useful antibiotic in the surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis [15].
• An in vivo ovine study to optimise prophylactic and parenteral treatment of discitis is described to assess the effectiveness of cephazolin in preventing and treating infection [16].

Biological context of Cephazolin

• These results suggest that latamoxef is an efficient chemoprophylactic agent in elective colorectal surgery, and is marginally better than cephazolin plus metronidazole [17].
• Porin activity, measured by the rate of hydrolysis of the lipid-impermeant beta-lactam cephazoline by entrapped lactamase, could be demonstrated for porin-DMPC but not for porin-DOPC vesicles, and for the former was significantly lower in the gel than in the liquid-crystalline phase [18].
• She completely recovered after delivery of a C. fetus-infected fetus at 18 weeks' gestation and treatment with a combination of cephazolin and gentamicin [19].
• Proceedings: Cephazolin in obstetrics [20].
• Clinical bacteriology of cephazolin [21].

Anatomical context of Cephazolin

• No patients in the group with intracameral cefazoline developed corneal endothelium or retinal toxicity [22].
• Vancomycin and rifampicin replaced cephazolin as antibiotic prophylaxis for coronary artery bypass surgery at our institution [23].
• Assessment of the morbidity and value of prophylactic cephazolin sodium in urinary tract instrumentation in out-patients [24].
• Two hundred consecutive patients undergoing biliary-tract surgery were entered into a randomized trial of prophylactic single dose cephazolin or sulbactam/ampicillin [12].
• Samples of subcutaneous fat and skeletal muscle from the ischaemic leg, and serum were collected during the operation for assay of cephazolin content [25].

Associations of Cephazolin with other chemical compounds

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for ERCP: a comparison of oral ciprofloxacin with intravenous cephazolin in the prophylaxis of high-risk patients [3].
• To assess the suitability of latamoxef (moxalactam) as single agent chemoprophylaxis in elective colorectal surgery, 120 consecutive patients were randomized to receive latamoxef (L) 1 g or cephazolin 1 g and metronidazole 500 mg (CM) administered intravenously at induction of anaesthesia and 6 and 12 h postoperatively [17].
• These beta-lactamase-related inhibition zone differentials and inoculum effects for the inhibitor combinations resemble previous observations for first-generation cephalosporins, notably cephazolin and cephaloridine [26].
• Possible synergistic roles of the metabolite of atracurium, laudanosine, as well as of cephazolin and photic stimulation, are discussed [27].
• The effects of mr-IL-2 were also studied in two different models of epilepsy: the bicuculline and cephazolin models, due to impairment of GABAergic transmission, and the kainate model, due to an increase in excitatory amino acid transmission [28].

Gene context of Cephazolin

• Beta-lactamase resistance of cephazolin and other cephalosporins [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cephazolin

• Accidental epidural cephazolin injection: safeguards for patient-controlled analgesia [30].
• Intracerebral haemorrhage caused by cefazoline-induced hypoprothrombinaemia in a renal transplant recipient [31].
• The mean cephazolin levels in the serum, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous fat were found to be well above the minimum inhibitory concentrations required for most important Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens [25].
• A double-blind study was carried out in 690 consecutive patients to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic doses (1 g) of cephazolin, given intravenously or intramuscularly at the time of the procedure, compared with no treatmemnt or placebo [24].
• Thus, in the elderly, the advantages of cephazolin are its lack of nephrotoxicity even when diuretic therapy is being administered concurrently, its lack of pain on intramuscular injection, and its sustained concentrations in the blood and urine so that it only requires to be given twice daily [32].

References