Disease relevance of Pydrin

• Corcoran lecture: the case for or against salt in hypertension. Arthur Curtis Corcoran, MD (1909-1965). Tribute and prelude to Corcoran Lecture of 1988 [1].
• The compounds used (dodecyl linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS), nonylphenol, fenvalerate, atrazine, and copper) have multiple measured toxicity values and diverse modes of action and toxicities [2].
• Fenvalerate (40, 80 and 120 mg/kg body weight) enhanced LPO in biomembranes of liver and kidney leading to a decrease in membrane integrity [3].
• Differential metabolism of fenvalerate and granuloma formation. II. Toxicological significance of a lipophilic conjugate from fenvalerate [4].
• Both forms of fenvalerate showed a statistically significant increase in inducing paresthesia over the vehicle alone [5].

Psychiatry related information on Pydrin

• These results indicate that perinatal exposure to fenvalerate during the critical periods of male brain sexual differentiation has long-term effects on the reproductive physiology and behavior of male rats [6].
• Significant runoff of insecticides (azinphosmethyl, endosulfan, and fenvalerate) along with several fish kills were observed at TRT prior to the implementation of rigorous risk reduction methods [7].
• Ten and 30 mg/kg of fenvalerate reduced social interaction, whereas the 1 mg/kg dose had no effect on this behavior [8].
• This was due to the toxic effects, which interfered with the silkworms' feeding behavior, and physiology of digestion, and the magnitude of changes increased with the increase in the concentration of fenvalerate used [9].

High impact information on Pydrin

• The type II pyrethroid fenvalerate is known to depolarize nerve membranes by keeping sodium channels in a very stable modified open state [10].
• In this project, we examined the influence of pyrethroids (permethrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate) on the expression and activity of the phenobarbital (PB)-inducible cytochrome P450 2B1 isoform (CYP2B1) in primary rat hepatocyte cultures [11].
• In addition, both sumithrin and fenvalerate were able to induce cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-response fashion [12].
• Nanomolar concentrations of either sumithrin or fenvalerate were sufficient to increase pS2 expression slightly above basal levels [12].
• An HPLC method was developed to determine pyrethroids, including fenpropathrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin, acrinathrin, tau-fluvalinate, and bifenthrin, by coupling HPLC, post-column irradiation with UV light and chemiluminescence detection of the resulting photoproducts [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pydrin

• To clarify the causative agent of granuloma formation, cholesterol ester of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovaleric acid (CPIA), a lipophilic conjugate from the [2R, alpha S]-isomer of fenvalerate, was injected iv into ddY mice [4].
• Interactions of tetramethrin, fenvalerate and DDT at the sodium channel in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons [14].
• Racemic fenvaleric acid [2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-butanoic acid], the principal metabolite of fenvalerate, was administrated orally at 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mmol/kg body weight/day to Fisher-344 male rats for 7 days [15].
• The distribution of permethrin toxicity to all organisms, arthropods, and vertebrates gave 10th centiles of 180, 76, and 1600 ng/L, respectively, whereas those for fenvalerate were 37, 8, and 150 ng/L [16].
• The effects of two pyrethroid insecticides, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, on a green alga (Scenedesmus bijugatus) and three species of cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus, Nostoc linckia, and Phormidium tenue), all isolated from a black cotton soil, were studied using either cell number or chlorophyll a as toxicity criterion [17].

Biological context of Pydrin

• The possible involvement of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the fenvalerate-induced thyroid dysfunction with special reference to type I 5'-monodeiodinase (5'-D) activity has been worked out [3].
• In the present study the genotoxic effects of fenvalerate was evaluated using structural chromosome aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays in mice [18].
• Occupational exposure to fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, has been reported to cause paresthesia [5].
• Fenvalerate-induced chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in the bone marrow cells of mice in vivo [18].
• Cytogenetic effects of fenvalerate in mammalian in vivo test system [19].

Anatomical context of Pydrin

• Five pyrethroid insecticides: cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate and permethrin, were tested for their ability to induce micronuclei in both whole-blood (WB; three donors) and isolated human lymphocyte (IL, 2 donors) cultures, by using the cytokinesis-block method with 6 micrograms/ml cytochalasin B (Cyt-B) [20].
• Doses of fenvalerate that prevent the formation of glomeruli in the primary olfactory neuropil (antennal lobes) also inhibit olfactory orientation behavior for different odors, despite the fact that sensory neurons developed responses to these odors [21].
• Substantial induction of cytochrome P450, CYP6B7 and cytochrome b5 mRNAs by alpha-pinene, and the pyrethroids, fenvalerate, cypermethrin and permethrin were observed in fat body culture [22].
• Genotoxic effects on human spermatozoa among pesticide factory workers exposed to fenvalerate [23].
• Effects of fenvalerate exposure on semen quality among occupational workers [24].

Associations of Pydrin with other chemical compounds

• With certain reservations to the purity and isomer composition of each pesticide, the existing information appears to support the idea that pyrethroid insecticides have a weak (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenpropathrin) or nule (fenvalerate and permethrin) genotoxic activity in vitro [20].
• Histochemistry also was positive for cholesterol ester in livers of mice treated with the [2R, alpha S]-isomer of fenvalerate [4].
• These results can be explained by assuming that the tetramethrin molecule displaces the fenvalerate molecule from the same binding site in the sodium channel protein, or that tetramethrin and fenvalerate bind to separate sodium channel sites which interact allosterically with each other [14].
• Calphostin C (3 pmol, i.t.), a selective protein kinase C inhibitor, significantly inhibited intrathecal fenvalerate-induced nociceptive behavior with a rightward shift of the dose-response curve for fenvalerate-induced nociceptive behavior to the level those observed in non-diabetic mice [25].
• Similarly, blocking calmodulin activation with calmidazolium or blocking calcineurin with fenvalerate did not influence the extent of Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation after photolysis [26].

Gene context of Pydrin

• Fenvalerate induced MCF-7 cell proliferation by a mechanism not involving ER-mediated pathway [27].
• Correlation between fenvalerate resistance and cytochrome P450-mediated O-demethylation activity in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) [28].
• Fenvalerate acted as weak AR antagonist and phoxim did not show AR antagonistic activity [29].
• Although the pesticides chlorpyrifos, DDT, permethrin, esfenvalerate, and fenvalerate were detected in this sediment, and their concentrations were below published toxicity thresholds for H. azteca, additivity or synergism may have occurred [30].
• Fenvalerate reduced mRNA and protein expression of P450scc [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pydrin

• Immobilization of sodium channel gating charge in crayfish giant axons by the insecticide fenvalerate [10].
• Temperature-dependent solute retention time variations, base-line drifts, and solute peak splits during the analysis of fenvalerate by a high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array system [32].
• The results showed the significant differences in the percentage of sperm abnormality between fenvalerate-exposed group and the external control group (P = 0.024) [23].
• Determination of fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid, in grapes, peppers, apples, and cottonseeds by gas-liquid chromatography [33].
• The intrathecal injection of fenvalerate, a sodium channel activator, at doses of 0.01 to 3 microg, dose-dependently induced the duration of a characteristic behavioral syndrome mainly consisting of reciprocal hind limb scratching directed towards caudal parts of the body and biting or licking of the hind legs in mice [34].

References