Disease relevance of Beta-Mercaptoethanol

• We have previously reported that the thiols glutathione, dithiothreitol, and beta-mercaptoethanol suppress transcription of the Escherichia coli manganese-containing superoxide dismutase gene (sodA) in an in vitro coupled transcription plus translation system (Gardner, P. R., and Fridovich, I. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 17591-17595) [1].
• A line of hepatic endoderm cells, hepatoblast cell line 3 (HBC-3), was derived from the liver diverticulum of the mouse on day 9.5 of gestation by culture on a mitomycin C treated STON+ feeder layer in a hepatoblast culture medium consisting of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium, nonessential amino acids, fetal calf serum, and beta-mercaptoethanol [2].
• The toxin shares several features with the family of the so-called 'sulphydryl-activated' cytolysins produced by Gram-positive bacteria, although Gvh does not truly belong to this family, being deactivated by beta-mercaptoethanol and being antigenically distinct from them [3].
• Treatment of MN virions with Nonidet P-40, beta-mercaptoethanol, and sonication released 10 polypeptides, which were apparently located on the surface of virions [4].
• Fetal bovine serum, beta-mercaptoethanol, and caffeine failed to release cells from the G2 block when added to ascites fluid in culture [5].

Psychiatry related information on Beta-Mercaptoethanol

• Abnormal tau proteins (PHF-tau) were isolated from Alzheimer's disease brains by treatment of paired helical filament enriched-fractions with perchloric acid and boiling of the acid precipitable fraction with beta-mercaptoethanol [6].
• Optimal conditions for reducing DHAA in tissue samples include a pH of 7.2, reaction time of 10 min, reaction temperature equal to room temperature, and a 10 mM concentration of the reducing agent, beta-mercaptoethanol [7].

High impact information on Beta-Mercaptoethanol

• Reduction of samples with beta-mercaptoethanol did not alter the electrophoretic pattern of these 125I-Sm-C binding-protein complexes [8].
• Like other envelope precursors, the 210-kD protein became insoluble in SDS and beta-mercaptoethanol on activation of transglutaminases in cultured keratinocytes [9].
• Two polypeptides, extracted from esophageal epithelium with 0.05 M Tris, pH 7.4, containing 8 M urea and 25 mM beta-mercaptoethanol, comprise 35% of the total extractable protein [10].
• Seven of these epitopes were also present in denatured GM-CSF by Western blotting, and four of the epitopes were at least partially conserved on GM-CSF that was reduced in beta-mercaptoethanol [11].
• From analysis of 5'-deletion mutants, the region of beta-mercaptoethanol responsiveness in the GRP78 promoter was mapped within 450 nucleotides upstream of the TATA sequence [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Beta-Mercaptoethanol

• For in vitro refolding studies, native G protein isolated from virus particles was denatured and reduced with urea and beta-mercaptoethanol [13].
• The reactions of the alpha 2 beta 2 complex of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase with D- and L-Trp and the presteady-state reaction of L-Ser and beta-mercaptoethanol under different premixing conditions have been investigated by rapid-scanning stopped-flow (RSSF) UV-visible spectroscopy [14].
• The effect of some dissociation agents (SDS, beta-mercaptoethanol, urea, EDTA) on the rigid form of the Sendai virus nucleocapsid was studied [15].

Biological context of Beta-Mercaptoethanol

• Freezing and thawing of the enzyme in the presence of 0.2 M beta-mercaptoethanol caused an activation (100-140%) of phosphatase activity with a concomitant partial dissociation of the enzyme into a Mr 35,000 catalytic subunit [16].
• We have subsequently treated BME chromosomes with reagents that oxidize protein sulphydryls to disulphides, and found that if calcium is also present during the oxidation an apparently similar axial structure is restored following dehistonization, as seen by microscopic examination [17].
• Dehistonized metaphase chromosomes lose their apparent axial organization (the 'scaffold') and sediment more slowly following exposure to beta-mercaptoethanol (BME) [17].
• Dimerization of human recombinant ERK1 in vitro requires both ERK1 phosphorylation and cellular cofactor(s); it leads to the formation of a high molecular weight complex that can be dissociated by treatment with beta-mercaptoethanol [18].
• The beta-mercaptoethanol molecule binds in the active site area with its sulfur atom tetrahedrally coordinated to the zinc ion [19].

Anatomical context of Beta-Mercaptoethanol

• The anti-NS3 (ATPase/helicase) reactivity decreased on denaturation by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and beta-mercaptoethanol (2ME), suggesting the recognition of nonlinear or conformational B-cell determinants [20].
• Ssa protein and Hst 5-binding protein were found to be co-localized on immunoblots of yeast beta-mercaptoethanol cell wall extracts and cytosolic fractions [21].
• Identical results were obtained with or without reduction of the photolabeled membranes by beta-mercaptoethanol before electrophoresis [22].
• It is noteworthy the effect of beta-mercaptoethanol is cell specific, i.e. the ratio of total versus spontaneous IRE-BP activity is different in activated lymphocytes and maturing monocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)[23]
• Treatment of SDS-solubilized synaptosomes with beta-mercaptoethanol decreases the apparent molecular weight of the alpha subunit band without change in the amount of 125I-labeled scorpion toxin associated with either the alpha or beta subunit bands [24].

Associations of Beta-Mercaptoethanol with other chemical compounds

• Similar to GSH, the thiol-reducing agents dithiothreitol and beta-mercaptoethanol also inhibited high affinity [3H]ryanodine binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes [25].
• To characterize the conformational transitions that lead to activation of catalysis by the tryptophan synthase alpha2beta2 complex, we have determined the solvent effects of a co-substrate, beta-mercaptoethanol, and of a model nonsubstrate, ethanol, on the catalytic and spectroscopic properties of the enzyme [26].
• The apparent association constants (K'a), measured at 4 degrees C and in 30 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 20 mM MgCl2, 330 mM KCl, and 6 mM beta-mercaptoethanol, ranged from 1.05 to 3.70 X 10(6) M-1 [27].
• The finding that the fatty acid is released by hydroxylamine or beta-mercaptoethanol at neutral or even slightly acidic pH suggests that this moiety may be attached to the polypeptide via a thiol ester bond [28].
• At physiological pH, zinc and beta-mercaptoethanol stimulated the adenine DNA glycosylase activity of gelonin [29].

Gene context of Beta-Mercaptoethanol

• A beta-mercaptoethanol-sensitive Ubc9-sentrin conjugate could also be identified in the in vitro binding assay [30].
• Furthermore, the NO donor S-nitro-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine (SNAP) inhibited ASK1 activity in vitro, and this inhibition was reversed by thiol-reducing agents such as dithiothreitol and beta-mercaptoethanol [31].
• Like the latter two proteins, human TIMP-3 contains intrachain disulfide bonds and displays altered electrophoretic mobility in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol [32].
• A rabbit polyclonal antiserum against the purified cytosolic C. albicans GAPDH (polyclonal antibody [PAb] anti-CA-GAPDH) was used to identify the GAPDH in the beta-mercaptoethanol extracts containing cell wall moieties [33].
• The reaction rates were optimal in mixtures containing 0.1 M NaCl and 4 mM beta-mercaptoethanol at 37 degrees C. Apolipoprotein A-I did not activate the enzyme and bovine serum albumin bound monomeric substrate and interfered with the fluorescence assay [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Beta-Mercaptoethanol

• When these bands were cut out of the gel and subjected to SDS-PAGE following reduction with 10% beta-mercaptoethanol, all of them produced a single band that migrated with Mapp = 135,000 [35].
• ATPase activity is partially recovered if NaK-ATPase is incubated with beta-mercaptoethanol after treatment with CP [36].
• The catalytic subunit of PP-2A, produced from trimeric PP-2A by freezing and thawing in the presence of 0.2 M beta-mercaptoethanol and isolated by gel filtration, is also activated by ceramide [37].
• This was accomplished by peptide mapping of tryptic digests of the alpha and beta subunits after treatment with beta-mercaptoethanol [38].
• IRE-BP activity was measured by gel retardation assay in the absence or presence of beta-mercaptoethanol (spontaneous or total IRE-BP activity, respectively) [23].

References