Disease relevance of VERAPAMIL

• We undertook a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the effectiveness of verapamil hydrochloride for the prophylaxis of migraine [1].
• We administered verapamil hydrochloride, a calcium channel antagonist, to seven chronically ill schizophrenic patients for five weeks under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions [2].
• Thrombus formation under basal conditions was 7.0 +/- 1.6 microns 2, and this was decreased to 3.1 +/- 0.5 microns 2 (P < .05) after 7 days of treatment with oral verapamil SR and to 2.6 +/- 0.5 microns 2 (P < .05) after 7 days of treatment with oral verapamil and aspirin [3].
• We evaluated the efficacy of intracoronary administration of verapamil hydrochloride in reducing myocardial injury during acute ischemia and reperfusion [4].
• The antihypertensive effect of twice-daily administration of verapamil hydrochloride was evaluated in 21 adult patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension [5].

Psychiatry related information on VERAPAMIL

• Thus, immediate intravenous verapamil testing predicts the electrophysiologic results of oral verapamil-SR therapy, and oral verapamil-SR once daily may be used for long-term prophylaxis of SVT with better patient compliance [6].
• Isoptin counteracts the bradycardia - producing effect of methol in rats during the study time (6 hours), and the effect after this period of time requires further investigations [7].

High impact information on VERAPAMIL

• Application of the Ca(2+)-channel blockers (+)-cis-diltiazem and verapamil hydrochloride to the eyes of rdgB flies over a 7-day period largely inhibited light-dependent degeneration of the photoreceptor cells [8].
• Whereas intravenous verapamil tended to depress myocardial contractility, oral verapamil-SR did not at all affect myocardial contractility or left ventricular function [9].
• Oral therapy with verapamil-SR preserved systemic and renal blood flow and slightly reduced cardiac mass (by 6%, p less than .05) and renal vascular resistance (by 25%, p less than .05) [9].
• METHODS: Four hundred seventy-five patients with angina pectoris were randomized to double-blind treatment with PPR (physiological pattern release) verapamil hydrochloride, amlodipine besylate, amlodipineatenolol combination, or placebo [10].
• The risk of breast cancer did not differ between users of different ACE inhibitors or different CCBs (dihydropyridines, diltiazem hydrochloride, and verapamil hydrochloride) or between users of short-acting (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7-1.4) or sustained-release (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.8-1.3) nifedipine preparations [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of VERAPAMIL

• A multicenter, randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted among 306 black men and women with mild to moderate hypertension to determine effects of atenolol, captopril, and verapamil SR on measures of quality of life [12].
• To test this hypothesis we randomized 52 patients with NIDDM associated nephropathy and hypertension, mean age of 63 +/- 8 years, to either the ACE inhibitor, lisinopril (N = 18), nondihydropyridine CCBs (NDCCBs), verapamil SR (N = 8) or diltiazem SR (N = 10), or the beta blocker, atenolol (N = 16) [13].
• We have therefore studied the effects of topically applied 8% (w/v) verapamil hydrochloride in propylene glycol on tuberculin-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in the skin of normal human volunteers [14].
• The Verapamil in Hypertension Atherosclerosis Study is an ongoing multicentre randomised double-blind parallel group trial comparing the antihypertensive efficacy of verapamil SR 240 mg/day with that of chlorthalidone 25 mg/day in 1464 patients with essential hypertension aged 40 to 65 years [15].
• AIMS: To investigate the dose-response relationship and contribution of verapamil SR and trandolapril given in combination once a day for the treatment of essential hypertension [16].

Biological context of VERAPAMIL

• Subsequently, 15 mg of verapamil hydrochloride was administered intravenously during a 40-minute period with no reduction in heart rate [17].
• Fourteen patients with onset of atrial fibrillation (11) or flutter (three) and ventricular rate over 120 beats per minute following cardiac surgery were treated with intravenous (IV) doses of verapamil hydrochloride or placebo in a double-blind crossover protocol [18].
• No differences in blood pressure control were found between trandolapril and verapamil SR regimens [19].
• Some calcium antagonists, such as verpamil, show stereo-selective pharmacokinetics, so that enantiomers may have to be investigated [20].
• Verapamil (Isoptin) caused a dose-dependent peripheral vasodilation, increase in myocardial contractility, and tachycardia in the anaesthetized dog [21].

Anatomical context of VERAPAMIL

• To study this issue we examined the [Ca2+]i and ATP content of lipid cells and Vmax of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase of membrane preparation and Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange of membrane vesicles of adipocytes from normal rats, 6 week CRF, CRF normocalcemic parathyroidectomized (CRF-PTX) and CRF, and normal rats treated with verpamil (CRF-V, normal-V) [22].
• The precise mechanism of action of verapamil hydrochloride remains unclear, but could include effects on T-cell migration and activation, on antigen-presenting cells, and/or on other cells [14].
• Verapamil hydrochloride is an organic calcium antagonist that is known to decrease the contraction of smooth muscle [23].
• Orally administered verapamil hydrochloride (80 mg every 8 hours) or a placebo was given to 109 patients after coronary artery bypass grafting in a randomized, double-blind manner to test the efficacy of verapamil in preventing postoperative atrial dysrhythmias [24].
• Isoptin (alpha-isopropyl-alpha-(N-methyl-N-homoveratryl)-gamma-amino-propyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetonitril-hydrochloride)--a calcium antagonist--inhibits mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes [25].

Associations of VERAPAMIL with other chemical compounds

• In the second phase of our study we compared paid claims data (n = 8,894) from South Carolina for transdermal clonidine and for nine oral antihypertensive agents: atenolol, captopril, clonidine, diltiazem, enalapril, metoprolol, prazosin, terazosin, and verapamil-SR [26].
• A total of 1.00 mg of digoxin and 12.5 mg of verapamil hydrochloride were administered intravenously during an 8-hour period with no slowing of her heart rate, but the rhythm became regular [17].
• Twenty-four patients completed a double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of nifedipine GITS (N) and verapamil SR (V) on blood pressure (BP) control and exercise performance [27].
• Two weakly basic drugs, papaverine hydrochloride and verapamil hydrochloride with widely different pKa and aqueous solubilities at the pH of interest (6.8), were investigated for their release from hydrophilic matrices and the effect of a methacrylic (Eudragit L100-55) and an acrylic acid polymer (Carbopol 71G), were studied [28].
• Moexipril or verapamil SR, in combination with low dose hydrochlorothiazide, resulted in decreased blood pressure in the sitting and standing positions [29].

Gene context of VERAPAMIL

• With verapamil SR 480 mg/day, 91% of patients had reductions in SBP and DBP greater than 20 and 15mm Hg, respectively [30].
• The underlying philosophy combines flexible docking (software Yeti) for the identification of the binding mode(s) and 6D-QSAR (software Quasar) for their quantification [31].
• Using a 4D-QSAR approach (software Quasar) allowing for multiple-conformation, orientation, and protonation-state ligand representation as well as for the simulation of local induced-fit phenomena, we have validated a family of receptor surrogates for the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor system [32].
• METHODS AND MATERIALS: The 180 patients with Gleason score 8- 10 adenocarcinoma of the prostrate were treated with 3DCRT at the Univer sity of Michigan Health System, University of California-San Francisco, or Fox Chase Cancer. Eligible patients had T1-T4 NO or NX MO adenocarci noma with a pretreatment PSA [33].
• The underlying technology (software Quasar and Raptor, respectively) specifically allows for induced fit, solvation phenomena and entropic effects [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of VERAPAMIL

• We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of verapamil HCl in the prophylaxis of chronic migraine headaches [35].
• Both verapamil SR and verapamil IR prolonged the PR interval of the ECG [30].
• The model prediction agreed with experimental results of verapamil hydrochloride loading onto sulfopropyl dextran microspheres [36].
• Plasma norepinephrine was lower with verapamil-SR, also at end titration and at 3 months, but not at 6 months [37].
• To test whether this phenomenon is due to cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) overload, a Ca(2+)-channel blocker (verapamil hydrochloride) was used to pretreat the newborn heart immediately before prolonged cold perfusion [38].

References