Disease relevance of AIDS-000492

• These results suggest that GM1 ganglioside may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease [1].
• Recovery from experimental parkinsonism in primates with GM1 ganglioside treatment [1].
• The canine disease, like that of children with GM1 gangliosidosis, is characterized by accumulation of GM1 ganglioside in the brain, liver, and spleen, and membranous cytoplasmic bodies in neurons [2].
• A bacterium lipopolysaccharide that elicits Guillain-Barré syndrome has a GM1 ganglioside-like structure [3].
• In this study, antibodies to an activator protein known to bind sphingolipids and activate the enzymatic hydrolysis of GM1 ganglioside and sulfatide were used to estimate the concentration of this activator protein in small samples of liver and brain from patients with lysosomal storage diseases [4].

Psychiatry related information on AIDS-000492

• GM1 ganglioside-bound amyloid beta-protein (A beta): a possible form of preamyloid in Alzheimer's disease [5].
• The development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine as well as morphine dependence were greatly reduced by co-administration with morphine of GM1 ganglioside, a substance reported to block the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) from cytosol to membrane of neurons [6].
• These results indicate that memory deficits associated with aging can be attenuated by treatment with GM1 ganglioside [7].

High impact information on AIDS-000492

• In the plasma membrane Cbp is exclusively localized in the GM1 ganglioside-enriched detergent-insoluble membrane domain, which is important in receptor-mediated signalling [8].
• Neurite induction in mature cortical neurones in feline GM1-ganglioside storage disease [9].
• Treatment with GM1 ganglioside also increased striatal dopamine and metabolite levels and enhanced the dopaminergic innervation of the striatum as demonstrated by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry [1].
• Adult rats with bilateral lesions of the caudate nucleus were treated with GM1 ganglioside [10].
• We have described autoreactive T cells responsive to GM1 ganglioside presented by CD1b [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of AIDS-000492

• The results demonstrated that patients were given sufficient GM1 ganglioside-charcoal to bind all luminal toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae in their intestines [12].
• Suramin treated dorsal root ganglion cultures revealed an accumulation of the GM1 ganglioside and ceramide [13].
• Daily parenteral administration of purified bovine brain-derived GM1 ganglioside for three months to 12 patients with Alzheimer's disease did not result in any antiganglioside GM1 antibodies [14].
• These data suggest that the protective effects of GM1 ganglioside cotreatment on haloperidol-induced alterations in cholinergic systems can be relevant for protecting against the complications of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism [15].
• Effect of GM1 ganglioside after focal cerebral ischemia in halothane-anesthetized cats [16].

Biological context of AIDS-000492

• GM1 ganglioside, the cellular binding site for CT, was highly expressed in the CT-sensitive but not the CT-resistant SCLC cell lines [17].
• Endocytosis of cholera toxin in GERL-like structures of murine neuroblastoma cells pretreated with GM1 ganglioside. Cholera toxin internalization into Neuroblastoma GERL [18].
• Despite the accumulation of brain GM1-ganglioside at the level equal to or exceeding that seen in gravely ill human patients, these mice show no overt clinical phenotype up to 4-5 months [19].
• Low buoyancy, detergent-resistant membrane fractions, isolated from cells after incubation with the GM1 analogue and photoactivation, proved their enrichment in endogenous and radioactive GM1 ganglioside, sphingomyelin, cholesterol, signal transduction proteins, and tubulin [20].
• The B-subunit component of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB), which binds to cell surface GM1 ganglioside receptors, was recently shown to be a highly effective vehicle for delivery of conjugated peptides into the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I pathway [21].

Anatomical context of AIDS-000492

• Antibodies to GM1 ganglioside were used to study murine lymphocyte populations [22].
• Cholera toxin (CT), covalently attached to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), is a specific cytochemical marker for GM1 ganglioside (GM1) and retains the ability of the native toxin to raise levels of cyclic AMP in avian erythrocytes [18].
• The specific activity of the immunologically CRM towards GM1 ganglioside of normal fibroblasts was about 500 times that of type 1, 100 times that of type 2, and 30 times that of the adult variants [23].
• Accumulation of cholera toxin and GM1 ganglioside in the early endosome of Niemann-Pick C1-deficient cells [24].
• Interaction of cholera toxin and membrane GM1 ganglioside of small intestine [25].

Associations of AIDS-000492 with other chemical compounds

• By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis, serum IgM-kappa bound specifically to the muscle protein and not to other muscle or neural antigens, including GM1 ganglioside, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and sulfatide [26].
• The results show that the decreased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase found in nigral dopaminergic neurons after partial degeneration of the mesostriatal dopaminergic system is not influenced by levodopa treatment and is partially reversed by GM1 ganglioside administration [27].
• After PMA treatment, glucosamine incorporation increased 8- to 10-fold in the GM3 ganglioside and decreased 2-fold in the GM1 ganglioside, as compared to phorbol or untreated control [28].
• To gain insight into the pathogenesis of these neuropathies, we examined the distribution of GM1 ganglioside and Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc moieties in nerve fibres and their relationship to voltage-gated sodium and potassium (Kv1.1, 1.5) channels at the nodes of Ranvier in peripheral nerves from human, rat and dystrophic mice [29].
• Activator protein required for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cerebroside sulfate. Deficiency in urine of patients affected with cerebroside sulfatase activator deficiency and identity with activators for the enzymatic hydrolysis of GM1 ganglioside and globotriaosylceramide [30].

Gene context of AIDS-000492

• On mAb binding, CD38 translocates to the membrane lipid microdomains, as shown by a colocalization with the GM1 ganglioside and with CD81, a raft-resident protein [31].
• Generalized CNS disease and massive GM1-ganglioside accumulation in mice defective in lysosomal acid beta-galactosidase [19].
• We used NIH-3T3 fibroblasts expressing the different Trk receptors to examine whether GM1 ganglioside and its semisynthetic derivative LIGA20 activate various neurotrophin receptors [32].
• GM1 ganglioside regulates the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein [33].
• Plaques containing amyloid beta-peptides (Abeta) are a major feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and GM1 ganglioside is an important component of cellular plasma membranes and especially enriched in lipid raft [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of AIDS-000492

• Modulation of opioid analgesia, tolerance and dependence by Gs-coupled, GM1 ganglioside-regulated opioid receptor functions [34].
• It is demonstrated that antibody- or ligand-mediated immobilization of components of lipid rafts, glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol-anchored proteins, and the GM1 ganglioside, respectively, inhibit IL-2-induced proliferation in T cells [35].
• Animal model of axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome induced by sensitization with GM1 ganglioside [36].
• 2. Separation of residual acid beta-galactosidase into multiple molecular forms by analytical isoelectric focusing demonstrates enzymatic differences that can be correlated with the allelic mutations that affect the GM1 ganglioside beta-galactosidase locus [37].
• When GM1 ganglioside, in the form of cholesterol-lecithin liposomes, was incubated with spleen cell cultures in the presence of SRBC, depressed anti-SRBC hemolytic plaque responses were observed [38].

References