Disease relevance of Emo1

• Emotionality and shelf level predicted IDDM in females only [1].
• The difference was independent of emotionality (as measured by defaecation) and general body health (as measured by body weight and a subjectively assessed health rating) [2].
• Thus, prenatal brief hyperthermia in mice was shown to suppress the body and brain growth during the postnatal period and adversely affect their emotionality and learning capacity [3].
• The response to high levels of shock may also be an indication of enhanced emotionality, an interpretation consistent with reports in other lupus-prone strains and affective disorders in humans with lupus [4].

Psychiatry related information on Emo1

• In tests of spontaneous social behavior (allogrooming, anogenital licking, mounting, fighting), as well as in tests for emotionality (open field: crossed fields and defecation), these behavioral patterns occurred less frequently in MZT than in DZT; the NBA were mostly intermediate [5].
• Moreover, these animals show a decreased locomotor activity and an increased level of emotionality/anxiety in three standard behavioral tests (the holeboard, the open field and the plus-maze) when compared to fast mice [6].
• As housing represents a fundamental external factor, which is controversially debated to affect the animals' emotionality, this study aimed to investigate the impact of different social and structural housing conditions on the development of a depressive-like syndrome in the learned helplessness paradigm [7].
• A number of loci mapped in this study share overlapping candidate regions with previously identified emotionality QTL in mice as well as with susceptibility loci recognized by linkage or genome scan analyses for major depression or bipolar disorder in humans [8].
• The basal behavioral profile of the HZ genotype reveals important differences, consistent with decreased behavioral inhibition and emotionality, which can be revealed as early as in adolescence, together with slight increment of impulsive behavior and altered pain threshold and at the adult age [9].

High impact information on Emo1

• Emotionality in mice is such a trait, defined here by covariation in activity and defecation in a novel environment and emergence into the open arms of an elevated plus maze [10].
• Three loci, on murine chromosomes 1, 12, and 15, were mapped that influence emotionality [10].
• Vasopressin modulates many social and nonsocial behaviors, including emotionality [11].
• Using an extensive behavioral screen, we evaluated neurological function, motor ability, emotionality, learning, and memory in aged Parkin-deficient mice [12].
• Thus, mice overexpressing GR in forebrain have a consistently wider than normal range of reactivity in both positive and negative emotionality tests [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Emo1

• Cognitive behaviour, emotionality, and locomotor activity were also determined at 10 and 18 months of age in treated since weaning and untreated control rats to elucidate the participation of angiotensin II in memory disfunction [14].

Biological context of Emo1

• High-resolution mapping of quantitative trait loci for emotionality in selected strains of mice [15].
• This phenotype is associated, in specific brain regions, with increased expression of genes relevant to emotionality: corticotropin-releasing hormone, serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine transporters, and 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor [13].
• Significant correlations were observed between genotype, and factor 1 (exploration/emotionality) and factor 3 (learning/memory abilities) [16].
• It is expressed in limbic regions of the brain associated with the regulation of emotionality during fetal development and in the adult animal [17].
• Recently, we have shown that deletion of Cx30, which is also expressed by astrocytes, affects exploration, emotionality, and neurochemistry in the mouse [18].

Anatomical context of Emo1

• Exploration, emotionality, and hippocampal mossy fibers in nonaggressive AB/Gat and congenic highly aggressive mice [19].
• We show that there is good evidence that rodent emotionality is a central nervous system state with a genetic basis, and that there are neuropharmacological and neuroanatomical parallels with human anxiety [20].
• Postovulatory aging of oocytes was also associated with increased number of growth-retarded pups, delayed development of the righting reflex, and higher spontaneous motor activity and emotionality of F(1) offspring [21].
• Further, the animals exploring the maze slowly (slow mice) or staying at the starting point (freezing behaviour), which show high levels of emotionality/anxiety in other standard behavioural tests, have a less competent immune system (earlier immunosenescence) than those which explore it quickly (fast mice) [22].
• Maternal care, plasma corticosterone levels, emotionality, and hippocampal and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels were measured in adult C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice [23].

Associations of Emo1 with chemical compounds

• Histamine has been implicated, inter alia, in mechanisms underlying arousal, exploratory behaviour and emotionality [24].
• These results suggest that the sex-dependent effects of diethylstilbestrol on emotionality are mainly produced by its action on estrogen receptor-alpha [25].
• Diazepam potentiation of the effects of GABA, however, was significantly decreased in the Balb mice, strengthening the hypothesis that the benzodiazepine receptor is involved in mediating animal emotionality [26].
• Activity, non-selective attention and emotionality in dopamine D2/D3 receptor knock-out mice [27].
• These results are discussed in terms of attenuation of emotionality, resulting in impaired retention, following posttraining ethanol administration [28].

Regulatory relationships of Emo1

• Therefore, IL-6(-/-) mice seem to be more emotional than their appropriate controls, suggesting that the major cytokine IL-6 is involved in the control of emotionality [29].

Other interactions of Emo1

• Considerable evidence suggests that arginine vasopressin (AVP) is critically involved in the regulation of many social and nonsocial behaviors, including emotionality [30].
• Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is involved in the regulation of emotionality including fear and anxiety, which modulate autonomic control of cardiovascular function [31].
• However, consistent with the notion that central CRH alterations induced by SEB may affect emotionality (e.g., fear), SEB challenge augmented appetitive neophobia in a context-dependent manner, being marked in a novel and stressful environment [32].
• IL-6 deficiency leads to increased emotionality in mice: evidence in transgenic mice carrying a null mutation for IL-6 [29].
• In contrast, the general level of emotionality of both IFNgamma (+/+) and (-/-) BALB/c (C) mice was substantially greater than that of either of the B6 mouse groups [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Emo1

• As an example we review the evidence that validates rodent emotionality as an animal model for susceptibility to human anxiety [20].
• Thus, a hypothesis is proposed that the decreased liability of BALB/cByJ mice to acquire cocaine self-administration is related to differences in brain monoamine systems linked to the high "emotionality" profile of BALB/c mice in novel or fearful situations, including perhaps cocaine administration [34].

References