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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
Gene Review

CRYGEP  -  crystallin, gamma E, pseudogene

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: CCL, CRYG5, CRYGEP1, D2S1472, G2
 
 
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Disease relevance of CRYGEP1

  • C6 glioma cells (CCL 107) were cultured for three days and then treated with cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum (cis-DDP) at doses of 0.2-10 micrograms/ml medium [1].
  • The cloning efficiencies of a murine melanoma cell line (S91 CCL 53.1) and a human melanoma cell strain (C8146c) were inhibited by dexamethasone (DEX), prostaglandin A1 (PGA1), and beta-all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) in a dose-dependent manner [2].
  • Treatment with rhIL-4 yielded a significant inhibition of tumor growth versus control in two of the non-small cell lung cancer cell lines being responsive in vitro (CCL 185, HTB 56) [3].
  • The cell surface glycopeptides from an epithelial cell line (CCL 239) derived from normal human colon were compared with those from three cell lines (HCT-8R, HCT-15, and CaCo-2) derived independently from human colonic adenocarcinomas [4].
  • However, clonal growth of another glioblastoma cell line (87-HG-31) and all three lung cancer cell lines tested (HTB 119, HTB 120, CCL 185) could be stimulated up to 3-fold by NGF with a dose-response relationship for the growth factor [5].
 

High impact information on CRYGEP1

  • The decreased accumulation of rhodamine 123 by 64F3 mitochondria is not due to abnormal plasma membrane dye permeability, since after microinjection of the dye these cells are still unable to retain the dye at levels comparable to the untransformed parental cells, CCL 64 [6].
  • The human synMuv-like protein LIN-9 is required for transcription of G2/M genes and for entry into mitosis [7].
  • In transient cotransfection assays using Chang liver cells (CCL 13), pM1 DNA exerts a 6- to 10-fold trans-activating effect on the expression of the pSV2CAT reporter plasmid [8].
  • In view of these characteristics, Fang-8 represents a new human cell line, unlikely to be contaminated with HeLa strains, and different from another cell line derived from human adrenal cortex andenocarcinoma, namely SW-13(ATCC CCL 105) [9].
  • Sequence analysis of five of these genes has suggested that three (gamma 1-2, G3, and G4) are potentially active, while two (G1 psi and G2 psi) correspond to closely related pseudogenes [10].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of CRYGEP1

 

Biological context of CRYGEP1

  • alpha-Thrombin, a potent mitogen for the hamster fibroblast cell line CCL 39, stimulates by approximately 3-fold 86Rb+ uptake in a mutant lacking the Na+/H+ antiport activity (PS 120) [12].
  • A CCL-L1-negative genotype frequency of 2.3% was found in HIV-1 negative individuals [13].
  • Limited nucleotide sequence data from the FCV glycoprotein-2 (G2) confirmed that FCV is a hantavirus and showed that it is most closely related to Prospect Hill and Puumala viruses [14].
  • Our results indicate that the Golgi retention signal of HTNV glycoproteins may depend on the conformation of oligomerized G1 and G2 complex rather than a precise primary amino acid sequence [15].
  • This diastereomeric mixture was resolved by enzymatic acetylation with CCL [16].
 

Anatomical context of CRYGEP1

  • Most of the properties of the CCL protein kinase were similar to those of the normal lymphocyte enzyme [17].
  • Increased numbers of 16 day BFU-E were seen when Ficoll-Hypaque separated peripheral blood leukocytes were cultured in the presence of a 10% (v/v) concentration of CCL 119 conditioned medium (CM) [18].
  • In this study we report that cells of the human epidermal tumor cell line CCL 20.2 express about 80,000 high-affinity urokinase receptors per cell that bind active as well as diisopropylfluorophosphate-treated high-molecular-weight (HMW) urokinase [19].
  • Here, the distribution pattern of four CCL chemokines is defined by in situ hybridization in human lymphoid follicles from tonsils and lymph nodes (LNs) of newborns and adults [20].
  • Analysis of a G1-truncated G2 mutant, which is also targeted to the Golgi complex, showed that these molecules also assemble into dimeric forms, which are linked by disulfide bonds [21].
 

Associations of CRYGEP1 with chemical compounds

  • We show that 5'-flanking sequences of G1 psi and G2 psi lacked detectable promoter activity, while the corresponding sequences of G3, G4, and G5 were able to direct high levels of expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in primary lens epithelia, but not in cultures of nonlens origin [10].
  • Feulgen cytophotometry and propidium iodide cytofluorimetry revealed accumulation of cells in the S-phase, especially the latter part (0.5 and 1.0 micrograms/ml, post-treatment day 1) and subsequently also in G2 phase (post-treatment day 3) [1].
  • Analysis of the total glycopeptides (cell surface and cell pellet) obtained after incubation with [2-3H]mannose showed that from 40-45% of the radioactivity in the tumor cells and less than 10% of the radioactivity in the CCL 239 cells was recovered as fucose [4].
  • The most noticeable difference between the labeled glycopeptides from the tumor and CCL 239 cells was the presence in the former of an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H-resistant high molecular weight glycopeptide fraction which was eluted in the void volume of Bio-Gel P-6 [4].
  • We show that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of the m2 subtype on CCL 137 human fibroblasts in culture are affected by PDGF treatment [22].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CRYGEP1

References

  1. Influence of cis-dichlorodiamineplatinum on glioma cell morphology and cell cycle kinetics in tissue culture. Mares, V., Giordano, P.A., Mazzini, G., Lisá, V., Pellicciari, C., Scherini, E., Bottiroli, G., Drobnik, J. Histochem. J. (1987) [Pubmed]
  2. Dexamethasone, prostaglandin A, and retinoic acid modulation of murine and human melanoma cells grown in soft agar. Bregman, M.D., Peters, E., Sander, D., Meyskens, F.L. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1983) [Pubmed]
  3. Recombinant human interleukin-4 inhibits growth of some human lung tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Topp, M.S., Koenigsmann, M., Mire-Sluis, A., Oberberg, D., Eitelbach, F., von Marschall, Z., Notter, M., Reufi, B., Stein, H., Thiel, E. Blood (1993) [Pubmed]
  4. Cell surface glycopeptides from human intestinal epithelial cell lines derived from normal colon and colon adenocarcinomas. Youakim, A., Herscovics, A. Cancer Res. (1985) [Pubmed]
  5. Nerve growth factor stimulates clonal growth of human lung cancer cell lines and a human glioblastoma cell line expressing high-affinity nerve growth factor binding sites involving tyrosine kinase signaling. Oelmann, E., Sreter, L., Schuller, I., Serve, H., Koenigsmann, M., Wiedenmann, B., Oberberg, D., Reufi, B., Thiel, E., Berdel, W.E. Cancer Res. (1995) [Pubmed]
  6. Decreased uptake and retention of rhodamine 123 by mitochondria in feline sarcoma virus-transformed mink cells. Johnson, L.V., Summerhayes, I.C., Chen, L.B. Cell (1982) [Pubmed]
  7. The human synMuv-like protein LIN-9 is required for transcription of G2/M genes and for entry into mitosis. Osterloh, L., von Eyss, B., Schmit, F., Rein, L., H??bner, D., Samans, B., Hauser, S., Gaubatz, S. EMBO J. (2007) [Pubmed]
  8. A trans-activator function is generated by integration of hepatitis B virus preS/S sequences in human hepatocellular carcinoma DNA. Caselmann, W.H., Meyer, M., Kekulé, A.S., Lauer, U., Hofschneider, P.H., Koshy, R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1990) [Pubmed]
  9. Establishment and characterization of a strain of human adrenal tumor cells that secrete estrogen. Fang, V.S. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1977) [Pubmed]
  10. Gamma-crystallins of the human eye lens: expression analysis of five members of the gene family. Meakin, S.O., Du, R.P., Tsui, L.C., Breitman, M.L. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  11. CD44 participates in the adhesion of human colorectal carcinoma cells to laminin and type IV collagen. Ishii, S., Ford, R., Thomas, P., Nachman, A., Steele, G., Jessup, J.M. Surgical oncology. (1993) [Pubmed]
  12. Growth factors activate the bumetanide-sensitive Na+/K+/Cl-cotransport in hamster fibroblasts. Paris, S., Pouysségur, J. J. Biol. Chem. (1986) [Pubmed]
  13. Analysis of the CCL3-L1 gene for association with HIV-1 susceptibility and disease progression. Bugeja, M.J., Booth, D.R., Bennetts, B.H., Guerin, J., Kaldor, J.M., Stewart, G.J. AIDS (2004) [Pubmed]
  14. A novel hantavirus associated with an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in the southwestern United States: evolutionary relationships to known hantaviruses. Hjelle, B., Jenison, S., Torrez-Martinez, N., Yamada, T., Nolte, K., Zumwalt, R., MacInnes, K., Myers, G. J. Virol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  15. Golgi localization of Hantaan virus glycoproteins requires coexpression of G1 and G2. Shi, X., Elliott, R.M. Virology (2002) [Pubmed]
  16. Seven-membered cyclic sulfite eudesmane derivatives: partial synthesis, structural determination, and enzymatic resolution. García-Granados, A., Parra, A., Rivas, F., Segovia, A.J. J. Org. Chem. (2007) [Pubmed]
  17. Protein kinases in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Samuel, E., Chung, C., Scher, N., Rosenzweig, B., Silber, R. Blood (1980) [Pubmed]
  18. Enhancement of human erythroid progenitor cell growth by media conditioned by a human t-lymphocyte line. Hamburger, A.W. Blood (1980) [Pubmed]
  19. Proliferation of a human epidermal tumor cell line stimulated by urokinase. Kirchheimer, J.C., Wojta, J., Christ, G., Binder, B.R. FASEB J. (1987) [Pubmed]
  20. The chemokines CCL11, CCL20, CCL21, and CCL24 are preferentially expressed in polarized human secondary lymphoid follicles. Buri, C., Gutersohn, A., Hauser, C., Kappeler, A., Mueller, C. J. Pathol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  21. Oligomerization, transport, and Golgi retention of Punta Toro virus glycoproteins. Chen, S.Y., Compans, R.W. J. Virol. (1991) [Pubmed]
  22. Modulation of muscarinic-receptor expression in human embryonic lung fibroblasts by platelet-derived growth factor. Koman, A., Durieu-Trautmann, O., Couraud, P.O., Strosberg, A.D., Weksler, B.B. Biochem. J. (1990) [Pubmed]
  23. In-vitro cell culture models of the nasal epithelium: a comparative histochemical investigation of their suitability for drug transport studies. Werner, U., Kissel, T. Pharm. Res. (1996) [Pubmed]
  24. Molecular detection and sequencing of "Norwalk-like viruses" in outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in Ireland. Foley, B., O'Mahony, J., Hill, C., Morgan, J.G. J. Med. Virol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  25. Human immune response to Puumala virus glycoproteins and nucleocapsid protein expressed in mammalian cells. Kallio-Kokko, H., Leveelahti, R., Brummer-Korvenkontio, M., Lundkvist A, n.u.l.l., Vaheri, A., Vapalahti, O. J. Med. Virol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  26. The mRNA for alpha 1(XIX) collagen chain, a new member of FACITs, contains a long unusual 3' untranslated region and displays many unique splicing variants. Inoguchi, K., Yoshioka, H., Khaleduzzaman, M., Ninomiya, Y. J. Biochem. (1995) [Pubmed]
 
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