Disease relevance of TAPBP

• Liver disease after TPN [1].
• Postoperative TPN-induced lactic acidosis [2].
• In the high-risk stratified group as defined by admission nutritional assessment and calculated PNI (greater than or equal to 50%), adequate preoperative TPN reduced postoperative complications 2.5-fold (p < 0.01), postoperative major sepsis six-fold (p < 0.005) and mortality five-fold (p < 0.01) [3].
• Significant reductions in major wound, infectious, and postoperative complications were noted in these patients who received at least 5 days of preoperative TPN compared with postoperative TPN or the non-TPN groups (4% vs. 24% and 23%) [4].
• A review of operative therapy in 244 patients with esophageal cancer from 1960 to 1980 was done to evaluate the impact of TPN in 72 patients treated from 1973 to 1980 with 43 non-TPN patients treated during the same period and to 129 patients operated upon before 1973 [4].

Psychiatry related information on TAPBP

• The decision-making process in the use of TPN and the relation of quality-of-life judgments to such decisions need further study and evaluation [5].
• E group: patients who received enteral nutrition after operation (n = 12) and T group those who reviewed TPN postoperatively (n = 13) [6].

High impact information on TAPBP

• When response rates to antineoplastic therapy are good and the associated nutritional morbidity is high, TPN is recommended when the gastrointestinal tract is unavailable for use [7].
• For example, if tumors are preferential glutamine utilizers, then TPN-enriched solutions might be employed to increase the number of cells in a phase of mitosis that makes them more susceptible to attack by cell-cycle specific chemotherapeutic agents [7].
• Tap associated with Tip following transient expression in COS-1 cells and stable expression in human Jurkat-T cells [8].
• RESULTS--Case patients were more likely than controls to have had therapy via a CVC (11/11 vs 14/32; odds ratio [OR] undefined; P < .001) or total parenteral nutrition and intralipid therapy (TPN/IL) (9/11 vs 3/32; OR, 43.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9 to 510.0) [9].
• 20 patients admitted to hospital for total parenteral nutrition were randomly allocated to receive parenteral nutrition enriched with glycyl-L-glutamine (Gln TPN), or standard parenteral nutrition (STPN) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of TAPBP

• Backgroud: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) can lead to intestinal failure and require total or supplemental parenteral nutrition (TPN or PN, respectively) [11].
• In the EEN group, hyperglycemia (serum glucose, >200 mg/dL) was observed in 4.7% of the patients vs. 9.1% in the TPN group (p = NS) [12].
• Combined growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I in addition to glutamine-supplemented TPN results in net protein anabolism in critical illness [13].
• Although there are no consistent signs and symptoms characteristic of TPN-associated Se deficiency in addition to the low blood selenium levels, some patients will experience leg muscle pain and altered serum transaminase and creatine kinase activities [14].
• Met-depleting TPN appears to play a role as a biomodulator of 5-FU in human gastric cancer [15].

Biological context of TAPBP

• Alkylation of methionine in human heart TPN-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase [16].
• Using primed constant isotopic infusions, we investigated the effects of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) infusion on protein kinetics in both fasted and parenterally fed (TPN) lambs [17].
• Intravenous TPN caused greater bacterial translocation in all small intestinal segments and the cecum when compared with chow (p <.05) [18].
• Following termination of TPN or ad libitum food intake, and while receiving chemotherapy, the majority of the children who had previously received TPN lost significant weight [19].
• The plateau in energy expenditure in response to TPN infusion may be useful as a guideline for nutritional therapy [20].

Anatomical context of TAPBP

• Although a variety of cDNA fragments were identified as modulated by GM-CSF with the use of DD-PCR, one fragment in particular, NGS-17 (neutrophil GM-CSF-stimulated fragment #17), was characterized [21].
• OBJECTIVE: The authors determined the effect of glutamine-supplementation of TPN on postoperative peripheral blood T-cell response and proinflammatory cytokine production in patients undergoing colorectal resection [22].
• SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Several vital tissues, including the immune system, are very dependent on glutamine; however, this amino acid, which may be essential in conditions of stress, only now is becoming formulated suitably for incorporation into TPN [22].
• It is interesting to note that patients on prolonged TPN, in particular those with a short small intestine, have weak cholesterolemia, reflecting a lowering of HDL and LDL not masked by elevated LP-X [23].
• Similarly, the fractional synthetic rates of protein in cardiac muscle, diaphragm, adductor muscle, psoas muscle, and hepatic tissue were increased (P less than 0.05) compared to those in animals that received only TPN [17].

Associations of TAPBP with chemical compounds

• Human heart TPN-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase. Purification by a rapid three-step procedure [24].
• The coenzymes TPN and TPNH have no effects on epsilon, while the carboxylic acid substrates L-malate and pyruvate and the inhibitors D-malate and oxalate significantly decrease epsilon [25].
• The ability of selenious acid to reverse selenium deficiency in eight adult home TPN patients was assessed [26].
• The Ra of leucine decreased (P less than 0.01) from 3.9 +/- 0.8 to 2.5 +/- 0.47 mumol/kg.min during IGF-I and TPN infusion [17].
• These compounds thus bind to both enzyme-triphosphopyridine nucleotide (E-TPN) and enzyme-reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide (E-TPNH), but only malate analogues prevent release of TPN, while pyruvate analogues prevent release of TPNH [27].

Physical interactions of TAPBP

• A ternary complex between heavy chain, ERp57, and tapasin was observed and shown to be stabilized by a disulfide between both tapasinheavy chain and tapasin-ERp57 [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TAPBP

• Since TPN allows total and complete control of exogenous nutrients, it should be used to explore alternative therapies in the form of nutrient composition [7].
• Intestinal transplantation has become a standard treatment for intestinal failure in patients with life-threatening complications of TPN [29].
• A set of independent variables was also evaluated, including age, gender, APACHE III scores, the presence of preexisting medical conditions, the use of invasive monitoring (Swan-Ganz catheters, central and arterial lines), and the use of antibiotics, low-dose dopamine (LDD) for renal protection, vasopressors, TPN, and enteral feeding [30].
• The patient data have been compared with data obtained from 32 normal volunteers, and in addition the metabolic response of the trauma patient to total nutritional support (TPN) has been assessed [31].
• Lean body mass increased in the TPN group (+9 +/- 3%) and decreased in the control group (-5 +/- 3%; P < 0.004) while body cell mass increased in the former (+15 +/- 4%) and decreased in the latter (-12 +/- 6%; P < 0.002) [32].

References