Disease relevance of Gyrus Cinguli

• Cerebral infarction was found at the midline-frontal region and the cingulate gyrus [1].

Psychiatry related information on Gyrus Cinguli

• In this study, they measured the volume and glucose metabolism of the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus in an expanded group of 17 patients with autism spectrum disorders (autism [N=10] or Asperger's disorder [N=7]) and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers [2].
• The cingulate gyrus may play a role in the mutism/speech apraxia syndrome seen with cyclosporine/tacrolimus neurotoxicity [3].
• Localisation of this ATPase in histological sections of hippocampus from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in cingulate gyrus sections of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) brains was examined immunohistochemically [4].
• The cingulate gyrus was the only cortical structure to show a significant increase in glucose metabolic rate in REM sleep in comparison to waking [5].

High impact information on Gyrus Cinguli

• BACKGROUND: In functional brain imaging studies, exposure to cues related to cocaine, opiates, and alcohol in dependent individuals is associated with activation of the anterior cingulate gyrus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [6].
• RESULTS: From the neutral to the cigarette cue scan, heavy smokers had greater increases than nonsmoking controls in relative glucose metabolism in the perigenual anterior cingulate gyrus spanning the midline [6].
• BACKGROUND: In functional brain imaging studies of major depressive disorder (MDD), regional abnormalities have been most commonly found in prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and temporal lobe [7].
• Moreover, these decreases in 5-HT(1A) receptor measures correlate with decreased glucose utilization as measured with 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose PET in the brains of ADs (standardized uptake values; globally: controls 0.89 +/- 0.04, ADs 0.72 +/- 0.04; posterior cingulate gyrus: controls 1.05 +/- 0.09, ADs 0.79 +/- 0.11) [8].
• High levels of fmr2 mRNA were noted in the hippocampus, the piriform cortex, Purkinje cells and the cingulate gyrus [9].

Biological context of Gyrus Cinguli

• 5-HT2A binding sites, determined by [3H]ketanserin, were decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (-27%) and parahippocampal gyrus (-38%) of schizophrenics, with a similar trend in cingulate gyrus, but not in superior temporal gyrus or striate cortex [10].
• On the other hand, decreases in the expression of CREB protein and phosphorylation of CREB occur in the cingulate gyrus, and in the parietal and the piriform but not in the frontal cortex during nicotine withdrawal (18 h) after nicotine exposure [11].
• Cholecystokinin-B receptor gene expression in cerebellum, pre-frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus and its association with suicide [12].

Anatomical context of Gyrus Cinguli

• GluR-6 shows a prenatal expression peak in the cingulate gyrus of the neocortex [13].
• Compared with the resting condition, the mean rCBF was markedly increased in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex (M1-S1) and moderately increased in the contralateral cingulate gyrus and putamen in both the simple and complex motor tasks [14].
• RESULTS: In relation to the comparison subjects, the patients with compulsive hoarding syndrome had significantly lower glucose metabolism in the posterior cingulate gyrus and cuneus, whereas the nonhoarding OCD patients had significantly higher glucose metabolism in the bilateral thalamus and caudate [15].
• CCK4-induced anxiety was associated with 1) robust and bilateral increases in extracerebral blood flow in the vicinity of the superficial temporal artery territory and 2) CBF increases in the anterior cingulate gyrus, the claustrum-insular-amygdala region, and the cerebellar vermis [16].
• Concentrations of the three main monoamines (5-HT, NA, and DA), their metabolites (5-HIAA, DOPAC, and HVA), and the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were simultaneously measured in frontal cortex, gyrus cinguli, and hypothalamus from 23 controls and 18 suicide victims [17].

Associations of Gyrus Cinguli with chemical compounds

• Lesions of the MpFC (cingulate gyrus) significantly increased plasma levels of both adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) in response to a 20 min restraint stress [18].
• An increase in dopamine-D2 receptor binding during serotonin reuptake inhibition was found in striatum and anterior cingulate gyrus in treatment responders, but not in nonresponders [19].
• In contrast, the NAA/Cr ratio obtained from the anterior cingulate gyrus at T1 was already reduced in bulbar-onset patients (p < 0.001), whereas no deficits were observed in limb-onset individuals in the same region [20].
• The citalopram-induced change in cerebral metabolism was positively correlated with age in the right precuneus, right paracentral lobule, and left middle temporal gyrus and negatively correlated with age in the left anterior cingulate gyrus, right inferior and middle frontal gyri, right insula, and right inferior parietal lobule [21].
• Significant negative correlations were found between change in local absolute glucose metabolic rate (calculated by subtracting individual data on placebo nights from that on zolpidem nights) and plasma concentration of zolpidem for the following areas: medial frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, putamen, thalamus, and hippocampus [22].

Gene context of Gyrus Cinguli

• After correcting for postmortem interval, significant decreases in gyrus cinguli NA, NPY and CRF, and hypothalamic DA, HVA, and 5-HIAA concentrations were obtained with advancing age [23].
• The drug treatment produced no significant change in DA content or in the TOH to DA ratio in the prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus, indicating complete sparing of the mesocortical DA projections [24].
• RESULTS: The inhibition of a prepotent tendency to respond produced markedly greater activation of the left anterior cingulate gyrus, bilateral frontopolar regions, bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and left medial frontal gyrus in the adolescents with childhood ADHD than in the adolescents with no history of ADHD [25].
• RESULTS: Although Ub+, alpha-synuclein-negative, and tau-negative neuronal inclusions were observed in both cognitively impaired and cognitively intact patients with ALS, their density and extent was greater among the former, with the difference greatest in the cingulate gyrus [26].
• Total CREB protein levels were significantly higher in the cingulate gyrus during ethanol withdrawal [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gyrus Cinguli

• The quantitative assessment of bFGF mRNA expression revealed that optical density ratios of the cingulate gyrus and the caudoputamen were significantly higher at 12 h, 24 h, and 2 d after reperfusion than those in sham controls [28].
• Following immunocytochemistry for either methionine enkephalin (met-enkephalin) or leucine enkephalin (leu-enkephalin), we observed enkephalin localization consistent with data that have previously been reported in the rat, with notable exceptions including lateral septum, ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and cingulate gyrus [29].
• Then each rat was anesthetized and a two-stage, bilateral lesion was made stereotaxically by microinjection of kainic acid in a dose of 0.5 micrograms into the hippocampus, cingulate gyrus or periaqueductal gray [30].
• Fast blue and Rhodamine microspheres were used to analyze the topography and collateralization of the limbic nuclei of the thalamus to 4 defined areas of the cingulate gyrus (anterior 24, posterior 24, anterior 29, and posterior 29) [31].

References