Disease relevance of Intracellular Space

• Studies of the disappearance of nitrosoproline from the circulating plasma indicated an apparent volume of distribution of 52% of the total body weight, suggesting some penetration by the compound into the intracellular space [1].
• The glucose uptake during clamping was 3.9 mg kg(-1) min(-1) (7.0 is normal), which, during the second day after hysterectomy, correlated with the dehydration of the intracellular space (r=0.77; P<0.002) and with the protein catabolism as indicated by the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine (r=-0.76, P<0.002) [2].
• We observed in extra- and intracellular space accumulation of different fragments of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and apolipoprotein E (Apo E) in rat brain after cardiac arrest with long-term survival [3].
• However, this is not explained by free access of Ca (and EGTA) to the intracellular space in the EGTA-treated preparation: contractures develop with very different time courses, being fastest after Triton and only marginally slower when first exposed to saponin but a factor of five times slower after 'EGTA-treatment' alone [4].
• The JAR human placental choriocarcinoma cells were found to transport carnitine into the intracellular space by a Na(+)-dependent process [5].

High impact information on Intracellular Space

• Dextrose and the intracellular space [6].
• In the present study we have assessed the effect of cystine on the transfer of the S-nitroso functional group from the extracellular to the intracellular space [7].
• Free choline also accumulated within the intracellular space, suggesting that choline oxidase activity does not always limit choline's uptake by the liver [8].
• Stimulation of the glands with histamine resulted in the development of intracellular spaces within the parietal cells [9].
• The sucrose space corresponding to the extracellular space amounted to 0.35 +/- 0.13 ml per gm liver, and the water space corresponding to the extra- and intracellular spaces was 0.97 +/- 0.08 ml per gm [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Intracellular Space

• We considered that terbutaline-induced hypokalemia may be due to the insulin-induced shift of potassium (K+) from the extracellular to the intracellular space [11].
• The 5-fluorouracil group revealed focal mitochondrial edema, enlargement of intercellular spaces, and dilatation of intracellular spaces [12].

Biological context of Intracellular Space

• From these measurements and the intracellular space of the islets, it was estimated that the rate of glucose phosphorylation as catalysed by hexokinase represents, in intact islets, no more than 12-24% of its value in islet homogenates [13].
• MDCK cell volume was measured directly by electronic cell sizing using a Coulter counter in MDCK cell suspensions; this method gave comparable values for cell water when compared with those obtained using an intracellular space marker [14C]3-O-methyl glucose [14].

Anatomical context of Intracellular Space

• It appears that neutrophil-derived O2.- and H2O2 can cross the erythrocyte membrane through the anion channel or diffuse directly into the intracellular space and react with oxyhemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin to form a mixture of hemoglobin oxidation products within the intact cell [15].
• With a high concentration of squamous cell carcinoma antigen, strong staining through the suprabasal to granular layer and condensed staining around the plasma membrane or intracellular space was detected in the affected epidermis [16].
• The hydrophilic nature of pravastatin accounts for its minimal penetration into the intracellular space of nonhepatic tissues, including an apparent inability to cross the blood-brain barrier [17].
• These results point to a synergistic effect between cholesterol esterase and sphingomyelinase, suggesting that mere aggregation of LDL is insufficient to promote nucleation, and crystal formation likely proceeds in the intracellular space after LDL uptake by macrophages [18].
• A combined technique for electron microscopy consisted of post-fixation exposure to cationized ferritin and reduced osmium, providing maximum quality images and allowing identification of intracellular spaces/organelles that opened to the cell surface, often out of the plane of section [19].

Associations of Intracellular Space with chemical compounds

• Lower ability to form 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 5'-triphosphate or to allow access to the intracellular space was eliminated as an explanation for the resistance [20].
• Methylglucose equilibrated in two phases--the first with a half-time of 1.7 s and the second with a half-time of 23 s; it eventually equilibrated in an intracellular space of 8 microliters/mg protein [21].
• L-type Ca2+ channel blockade also occurred under tight (gigaohm) seal configuration using cell-attached, single-channel analysis, thus suggesting a possible action of farnesol from within the intracellular space [22].
• At 23 degrees C., barbituric acid was shown to be absent from the intracellular space of the islet yet still protected completely against alloxan inhibition of insulin release [23].
• From the comparison of data derived from nitroblue tetrazolium and cytochrome C reduction (two methods of detecting O(2) release), it appears tht O(2) production in response to MSU may be compartmentalized, i.e., occur predominantly in the intracellular space [24].

Gene context of Intracellular Space

• The proHB-EGF is shed by specific metalloproteases, releasing the N-terminal fragment into the extracellular space as a soluble growth factor (HB-EGF) and the C-terminal fragment (HB-EGF-C) into the intracellular space, where it prevents transcriptional repression by the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) [25].
• NMDA receptors are present in the myelinating processes of oligodendrocytes, where the small intracellular space could lead to a large rise in intracellular ion concentration in response to NMDA receptor activation [26].
• Extracellular TGF-beta is largely absent from normal skin, but is abundant in the intracellular spaces of hyperplastic epidermis overlying BCCs [27].
• CD4+ and CD8+ cells obtained from type 2 diabetics released significantly lower amounts of IFN-gamma in the intracellular space, compared to those released by cells obtained from LADA patients and healthy volunteers [28].
• While HNL was located only to intracellular spaces of neutrophils, MPO was in addition located to other cells as well [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Intracellular Space

• The results of both standard transmission electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis reveal that, despite some deterioration of the ultrastructure after 'EGTA-treatment' at 2 degrees C for 24 h, lanthanum is still apparently excluded from the intracellular spaces [30].

References