Disease relevance of Risk Assessment

• BACKGROUND: Estrogen-replacement therapy prevents osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by inhibiting bone resorption, but the balance between its long-term risks and benefits remains unclear [1].
• Because some authorities have proposed blood cholesterol screening for children to prevent coronary heart disease, we reviewed published studies to estimate the potential risks and benefits of such screening [2].
• Re: weighing the risks and benefits of tamoxifen treatment for preventing breast cancer [3].
• Studies of the N-myc gene and histopathology of untreated primary neuroblastomas have demonstrated that both these factors are important in risk assessment [4].
• The risks and benefits of erythromycin for neonatal pertussis prophylaxis should be re-evaluated, and caution should be used in defining risk groups for prophylaxis [5].

Psychiatry related information on Risk Assessment

• A risk-benefit assessment of tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease [6].
• A risk-benefit assessment of sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction [7].
• A risk-benefit assessment of buspirone in the treatment of anxiety disorders [8].
• A risk-benefit assessment of moclobemide in the treatment of depressive disorders [9].
• A risk-benefit assessment of risperidone for the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia [10].

High impact information on Risk Assessment

• Doxycycline for travelers' diarrhea: risks and benefits [11].
• These results imply that remediation decisions and risk assessments based on the recalcitrance of DDE in marine and estuarine sediments should be reevaluated [12].
• This suggests that HLA-DP has a role in conferring susceptibility and that residue 69 of HLA-DPB1 could be used in risk assessment for CBD [13].
• p53: at the crossroads of molecular carcinogenesis and risk assessment [14].
• Mechanistic analyses of cytochrome P4501A1 induction provide insights into ligand-dependent mammalian gene expression, basic helix-loop-helix/Per-Arnt-Sim protein function, and dioxin action; such studies also impact public health issues concerned with molecular epidemiology, carcinogenesis, and risk assessment [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Risk Assessment

• Four large, prospective, randomized trials have examined the risks and benefits of warfarin therapy for stroke prophylaxis in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation [16].
• Chenodiol, 750 mg/d for up to 2 years, is appropriate therapy for dissolution of gallstones in selected patients who are informed of the risks and benefits [17].
• A critical question in risk assessment of dioxin and related compounds is whether humans are sensitive or resistant to their toxicities [18].
• The relative benefits and risks of reserpine and guanethidine were compared in patients with thiazide-treated mild to moderate hypertension (diastolic pressure 95-115 mm Hg) [19].
• Myocardial perfusion imaging during adenosine-induced hyperemia with dipyridamole or adenosine is an accepted method to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD) and risk assessment [20].

Biological context of Risk Assessment

• Methylation of FHIT commences during lung cancer pathogenesis and may represent a marker for risk assessment [21].
• Therefore, identification of residues involved in transcription activation by BRCA1 will help understand why particular germ-line missense mutations are deleterious and may provide more reliable presymptomatic risk assessment [22].
• In conclusion, these data, along with the absence of relationships between VDR gene polymorphisms and peak bone mass that we recently reported, suggest that the determination of VDR genotypes is probably not a useful clinical test for the risk assessment of osteoporosis [23].
• Benzidine mechanistic data and risk assessment: species- and organ-specific metabolic activation [24].
• d-limonene mechanistic data and risk assessment: absolute species-specific cytotoxicity, enhanced cell proliferation, and tumor promotion [25].

Anatomical context of Risk Assessment

• Our findings indicate a major role of monocyte/macrophage dysfunction in the pathophysiology of GvHD and strongly suggest a future risk assessment or even donor selection through NOD2/CARD15 typing [26].
• It thus appears that only a small percentage of patients with breast cancer under the age of 40 carry germ-line mutations of the p53 gene, an observation which has implications for potential screening and risk assessment in such patients [27].
• The reactivation of telomerase may be a useful marker for cancer risk assessment in the oral cavity [28].
• These results provide the first evidence that hereditary UGT deficiencies may enhance susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis and suggest that skin fibroblasts may provide a useful and highly sensitive model for human risk assessment [29].
• CONCLUSIONS: The excess risk of major upper gastrointestinal tract complications associated with outpatient use of ketorolac suggests an unfavorable risk-benefit assessment compared with other NSAIDs [30].

Associations of Risk Assessment with chemical compounds

• Editorial: Risks and benefits of estrogen use [31].
• OBJECTIVE: To estimate the potential benefits and risks of food folic acid fortification for an elderly population [32].
• Proper care of persons infected with isoniazid-resistant tubercle bacilli is controversial because there are few data on the risks and benefits of the preventive treatment alternatives [33].
• Reviewing the scientific literature on the risks and benefits of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, we find no reason to deny depot medroxyprogesterone acetate approval, provided that studies of its possible side effects are continued and that women use it only after having made an informed choice between this and other methods of contraception [34].
• Re: Risk/benefit assessment of tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer-still a work in progress [35]?

Gene context of Risk Assessment

• However, analyses of risk assessment behavior revealed that BRS-3-deficient mice exhibited increased 'stretched attend posture' behavior (P < 0.01, compared to wild-type mice in both the L-D box and elevated plus maze tests) while NMB-R-deficient mice exhibited decreased behavior (P < 0.05, compared to wild-type mice in both tests) [36].
• AIM: The initial risk assessments for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and estimates of carrier frequencies were based on extended pedigrees with a large number of symptomatic subjects [37].
• This paper reviews some of these newer aspects of COX-2-selective inhibitors in clinical use and discusses their possible benefits and risks [38].
• We found no correlation between MDR protein expression and the risk assessment [39].
• In conclusion, characterization of TOP2A gene status in childhood ALL at diagnosis provides useful complementary information for risk assessment [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Risk Assessment

• However, further evidence from clinical trials in persons with NIDDM is necessary to assess the risks and benefits of such treatment in preventing these complications [41].
• A new method, the local lymph node assay, replaces the guinea-pig as a tool for hazard identification and offers the real prospect of accurate prediction of allergen potency, the missing link in skin sensitization risk assessment [42].
• CONCLUSIONS: Exercise thallium scintigraphy appears to be useful in the risk assessment of asymptomatic siblings of patients with premature CHD, particularly in male siblings who are 45 years of age or older [43].
• In an effort to gain insight into the physiological role of the AHR and to develop models useful in risk assessment, gene targeting was used to inactivate the murine Ahr gene by homologous recombination [44].
• Evaluation of the risks and benefits of abbreviated heparin therapy combined with early sheath removal after coronary angioplasty is necessary to determine optimal postprocedure care [45].

References