Disease relevance of Rulide

• Treatment of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection with roxithromycin and effect on neointima proliferation after coronary stent placement (ISAR-3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial [1].
• The combined 1-year rates of death and myocardial infarction were 7% (36) in the roxithromycin group and 6% (30) in the placebo group (p50.45) [1].
• We investigated the hypothesis that an antichlamydial macrolide antibiotic, roxithromycin, can prevent or reduce recurrent major ischaemic events in patients with unstable angina [2].
• Roxithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, was also administered to this patient with cryptosporidiosis but efficacy was not demonstrated [3].
• A total of 83 patients presenting with H pylori positive active gastric ulcer disease were treated with omeprazole and antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, roxithromycin) in seven different clinical protocols, each of which included the attempt to eradicate H pylori infection and to evaluate the post-therapeutic course of ulcer disease [4].

Psychiatry related information on Rulide

• Newer macrolides such as clarithromycin, roxithromycin, dirithromycin and azithromycin only need to be taken once or twice a day, which is likely to improve patient compliance [5].
• The effects of roxithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, on neutrophil activities were investigated in six seriously handicapped patients with severe mental retardation [6].
• From the plasma roxithromycin concentration vs time curves the following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained: AUC(0-72 h), AUC(0-infinity), Cmax, t1/2 ratios and tmax individual differences [7].

High impact information on Rulide

• Randomised trial of roxithromycin in non-Q-wave coronary syndromes: ROXIS Pilot Study. ROXIS Study Group [2].
• Incubation of cultured pulmonary alveolar macrophages caused up-regulation of NO production and expression of inducible NO synthase mRNA, an effect that was dose dependently inhibited by erythromycin, roxithromycin, or josamycin [8].
• In nonstimulated neutrophils, roxithromycin and all L-cladinose-bearing molecules activated PLD, as reflected by 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-acyl-phosphatidyl-ethanol production [9].
• By contrast, in stimulated neutrophils, roxithromycin inhibited PLD activity and totally impaired 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-acylglycerol production [9].
• PA accumulation seems to be involved in the induction of exocytosis by macrolides, as the roxithromycin-induced release of granular enzymes was impaired strongly in the presence of ethanol [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Rulide

• Rat hepatocytes were used to study the toxicity of a new semisynthetic macrolide, roxithromycin, in comparison with erythromycin base and erythromycin estolate [10].
• Agar dilution was used to test the activities of HMR 3647, erythromycin A, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, clindamycin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin against 235 strains of Enterococcus faecalis [11].
• Two new macrolides, A-56268 and to a lesser extent roxithromycin (RU 28965), were active against Chlamydia trachomatis [12].
• We have tested the in vitro activities of streptomycin, rifampin, tetracyclines, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, four new macrolides (roxithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and dirithromycin), and rifapentine against 62 strains of Brucella spp [13].
• Effect of telithromycin (HMR 3647) on polymorphonuclear neutrophil killing of Staphylococcus aureus in comparison with roxithromycin [14].

Biological context of Rulide

• Roxithromycin enhances lymphocyte apoptosis in Dermatophagoides-sensitive childhood asthma [15].
• CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that roxithromycin inhibits oxidative stress, nitric oxide production, and nuclear factor kappaB activation induced by experimental hepatocarcinogenesis [16].
• Medication was given as follows: (1) cycle 1, no medication to demonstrate ovulation; (2) cycle 2, triphasic oral contraceptive daily to suppress ovulation; (3) cycle 3, triphasic oral contraceptive daily plus roxithromycin, 150 mg b.i.d.; and (4) cycle 4, triphasic oral contraceptive daily plus rifampin, 300 mg daily [17].
• Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of roxithromycin after multiple dosing [18].
• Entry of roxithromycin into phagocytes was an active process and displayed saturation kinetics characteristic of a carrier-mediated membrane transport system [19].

Anatomical context of Rulide

• Activities of roxithromycin against Mycobacterium avium infections in human macrophages and C57BL/6 mice [20].
• In vitro effects of ciprofloxacin and roxithromycin on apoptosis of jurkat T lymphocytes [21].
• We evaluated the effect of roxithromycin on cytokine production and neutrophil attachment to human airway epithelial cells [22].
• Roxithromycin has a pharmacokinetic profile that is characterised by excellent enteral absorption achieving high concentrations in most tissues and body fluids [23].
• This effect was, at least in part, explained by the higher uptake: roxithromycin was two to three times more concentrated by liver cells than erythromycin base [10].

Associations of Rulide with other chemical compounds

• We analyzed the uptake of RU 64004 by human neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) relative to those of azithromycin and roxithromycin [24].
• Effect of single oral dose of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function assessed ex vivo by flow cytometry [25].
• Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and roxithromycin (RXM) induced apoptosis of activated Jurkat T cells in vitro [21].
• In the present study, the modulatory potentials of the antimicrobial agents clindamycin, erythromycin, and roxithromycin (10 and 20 micrograms/ml) on the prooxidative interactions of pyocyanin and 1-hp (12.5 microM) with human neutrophils have been investigated [26].
• Spiramycin and, to a lesser extent, erythromycin increased total IL-6 production without affecting IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, or tumor necrosis factor alpha production, whereas roxithromycin had no effect [27].

Gene context of Rulide

• Recombinant human CYP3A4 in a baculovirus system coexpressing NADPH-P450 reductase was very active in catalyzing the N-demethylation of roxithromycin, M1, and M2, as well as troleandomycin, erythromycin, and M3 [28].
• Results: In HPDL cell cultures, roxithromycin strongly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MMP-1 mRNA expression and production [29].
• Recently, we reported that roxithromycin inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cell cultures [29].
• The inhibition of MMP-1 gene expression by roxithromycin was dependent on de novo protein synthesis and was regulated at the transcriptional level [29].
• Roxithromycin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression through regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and Ets-1 expression [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rulide

• Antimicrobial activity of U-70138F (paldimycin), roxithromycin (RU 965), and ofloxacin (ORF 18489) against Chlamydia trachomatis in cell culture [30].
• The ecological impact of roxithromycin given orally at 300 mg/day on the intestinal floras in six human volunteers was studied [31].
• A randomized trial of roxithromycin in patients with acute leukemia and bone marrow transplant recipients receiving fluoroquinolone prophylaxis [32].
• Inhibition of Toxoplasma growth was confirmed by microscopic examination of the infected macrophages after treatment with roxithromycin [33].
• Levels of roxithromycin in serum and tissue were investigated in 29 subjects undergoing tonsillectomy [34].

References