Disease relevance of acetylene

• BACKGROUND: Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is recognized as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma HCC), the strength of this association has been inconsistent [1].
• In FNH, Ang-1 was significantly up-regulated, Ang-2 was down-regulated, and the Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio was highly and specifically increased in FNH compared with normal liver or other groups of lesions (FNH, 15.2-fold increase; HCC, 2.78; adenoma, 2.28; cirrhosis, 1.92; P < 0.01 for FNH vs. all groups, analysis of variance) [2].
• In myoma, alpha-naphthoflavone and a set of ethynyl polycyclic hydrocarbon inhibitors (5 microM) each inhibited 4-hydroxylation more efficiently (up to 90%) than 2-hydroxylation (up to 40%), indicating > 10-fold differences in Ki (<0.5 microM vs. > 5 microM) [3].
• Important unanswered questions are, therefore: how often do "healthy" carriers develop cirrhosis and/or HCC, including the time relations between the two [4]?
• Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only curative therapy of HCC with underlying cirrhosis, but due to HCC metastasis and recurrence, its benefit is limited to a small population who meet the strict selection criteria [5].

Psychiatry related information on acetylene

• Moreover, when age and sex were excluded from the statistical model, HCV infection, but not HBV, HDV, and alcohol abuse, appeared to be associated with HCC [6].
• A recent case control study performed in Italy showed that the relative risk of HCC in patients with HCV infection and heavy alcohol consumption doubled [7].
• Twenty-four hours later, sham rats previously exposed to IS exhibited longer escape latencies as compared to both ES and HCC rats (i.e. learned helplessness) [8].
• In two consensus development conferences held in Anchorage, Alaska and in Milan, Italy, chronic carriers of HBsAg, patients with cirrhosis, patients with rare metabolic liver diseases, and individuals with family histories of HCC were identified as patients at high risk for HCC and therefore as candidates for periodic screening [9].

High impact information on acetylene

• Similarly, white blood cell ribonuclease activity was elevated in mice of the strains AKR, C2H/He, PL and RF [10].
• In addition, the role of specific HCV genotypes in HCC progression has not yet been determined [1].
• The differences between the two control groups and the ethynyl estradiol group were significant (P < 0.005) [11].
• In looking for such a predisposition, we have compared the histocompatibility antigens (HLA) of 102 southern African blacks with histologically proved HCC with those of 208 healthy blacks [12].
• The incidence of HCC following IFN treatment is dependent on the effect of IFN on ALT levels [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of acetylene

• Antibacterial evaluation of compounds 2 with A = alkyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, hydroxyalkyl, aldo and keto, oximinoakyl, carboalkoxy, nitro, amino, halo and psi-halo, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, and alkysulfonyl against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis led to the identification of several SAR trends [14].
• Thus, SM3 may play an important role in the metastasis of HCC cells by causing the interaction of integrin alphaVbeta3 with vitronectin [15].
• The kinetics of Zn(2+) binding by two point-mutated forms of the HIV-1 NCp7 C-terminal zinc finger, each containing tridentate binding motif HCC [Ser49(35-50)NCp7] or CCC [Ala44(35-50)NCp7], has been studied by stopped-flow spectrofluorimetry [16].
• We herein report a case of HCC presenting with severe, uncontrollable hypoglycemia that was managed with percutaneous ethanol injection therapy [17].
• RESULTS: The growth of ER+ T47D cells was sensitive to tamoxifen, ICI-182,780, and ethynyl estradiol (EE2), whereas another ER+ breast cancer cell line, 21 PT, was resistant to these compounds [18].

Biological context of acetylene

• Although gene expression profiles in HCC derived in all three transgenic lines were highly similar, oncogene-specific gene expression signatures were identified at an early dysplastic stage of hepatocarcinogenesis [19].
• Our studies with restriction fragment length polymorphisms support such a mechanism involving Chromosome 11 in HCC [20].
• Moreover, the degree of reduced DNA methylation was related to late histopathological HCC grade (P = 0.005) and large tumor size (P = 0.079) [21].
• Five weeks of oral dosing confirmed that ethynyl estradiol, tamoxifen, and raloxifene are potent inhibitors of the loss in volumetric bone mineral density (BMD, mg/cc) induced by ovariectomy, as measured by computed tomography [22].
• Some hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins, including core protein, deregulate the cell cycle of infected cells, thereby playing an important role in the viral pathogenesis of HCC [23].

Anatomical context of acetylene

• This cell line, designated Tong/HCC, has been grown in a hormone-supplemented medium for more than 18 months [24].
• However, biopsy specimens retain value for showing fibrosis/cirrhosis and dysplastic hepatocytes, both of which increase risks of HCC development [25].
• METHODS: Thirty-six consecutive patients with PSC and HBC (32 with bile duct carcinoma, BDC, and four with hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) were pair-matched to control patients referred for liver transplantation because of PSC but who did not have HBC [26].
• T cell infiltration and prognosis in HCC patients [27].
• Ex-vivo modulation of NKT lymphocytes holds promise as a novel mode of immune therapy for HCC [28].

Associations of acetylene with other chemical compounds

• Long-acting octreotide versus placebo for treatment of advanced HCC: A randomized controlled double-blind study [29].
• Base protons in both the major and minor grooves are in contact with water, with effective correlation times for the interaction of approximately 0.5 ns, indicating weak hydration, in contrast to the hydration of adenine C2H in the homologous DNA sequence [30].
• Statistically significant reductions in serum somatomedin-C (p < 0.02), urinary hydroxyproline (p < 0.05) and the phosphate clearance ratio (p < 0.01) occurred within three days of the institution of treatment with 1 mg ethynyl estradiol daily [31].
• The metabolic oxidation of the ethynyl group in 4-ethynylbiphenyl in vitro [32].
• Two series of 6 beta- and 6 alpha-substituted androst-4-ene-3,17-diones (5 and 6) were synthesized as aromatase inhibitors to gain insights of structure-activity relationships of varying substituents (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, phenyl, benzyl, vinyl, and ethynyl) to the inhibitory activity [33].

Gene context of acetylene

• CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that enhanced AAH gene activity is a common feature of human HCC and growth factor signaling through IRS-1 regulates AAH expression and increases motility and invasion of HCC cells [34].
• MMP-9 activities of HFH-T2, HepG2-HBV and Hep3B were significantly higher than that of non-HBV-hepatocellular carcinoma SK-Hep1 and HepG2 (HCC origin, HBV not detected), as assayed by gelatin zymography [35].
• There was no significant difference in mean VEGF expression between HCC tumor (1.06+/- 0.43) and adjacent tissue (0. 85+/-0.42) although the tumors tended to have higher expression than adjacent non-malignant tissues [36].
• These results demonstrate that spontaneously developed HCC in AOX-/- mice display a similar type of pleiotropic responses to high levels of PPARalpha ligands as the non-neoplastic liver [37].
• CCR6 expression in human HCC tissues was confirmed by RT-PCR [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of acetylene

• PURPOSE: We conducted a case-control study to estimate the relative risk (RR) of HCC in relation to HCV infection among residents of the Fukuoka Prefecture, where HCC risk is among the highest in Japan, and to examine whether the risk differs according to HCV genotypes and/or HCV RNA titers [1].
• Expansion of criteria for liver transplantation in HCC: a slippery slope [39]?
• Surveillance plus chemoprevention in cirrhotic patients with HCV: a better outlook for HCC [40]?
• DCP levels greater than 0.1 AU/ml (100 ng/ml) on ELISA are highly suggestive of HCC or tumor recurrence [41].
• Therefore, liver resection prior to transplantation can be integrated in the treatment strategy for HCC [42].

References