Disease relevance of Prenalterol

• Long-term hemodynamic effects of prenalterol in patients with severe congestive heart failure [1].
• Hemodynamic effects of prenalterol in patients with ischemic heart disease and congestive cardiomyopathy [2].
• Major side effects included sudden death (two patients) and hypotension and bradycardia (three patients) during oral prenalterol treatment [3].
• The electrophysiological effects of prenalterol, a new beta-receptor agonist, in a dose of 100 micrograms/kg body weight given intravenously for 5 min, were studied in 13 patients with signs of sinus node dysfunction and/or conduction defects within or distal to the atrioventricular (AV) node [4].
• Thus, a significant increase in contractility, associated with little tachycardia (prenalterol, 5 micrograms kg-1), induces beneficial effects on RMBF and function in both the nonischaemic and ischaemic myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[5]

Psychiatry related information on Prenalterol

• Polygraphic sleep recordings of 16 h showed that prenalterol (20 and 40 mg/kg i.p.), a beta 1-adrenoceptor-stimulating drug increased paradoxical sleep (PS) in a dose-related manner during 4-12 h [6].

High impact information on Prenalterol

• During prenalterol treatment heart rate during exercise was consistently reduced [7].
• In a controlled, randomized, double-blind study we investigated the long-term effects of the beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist prenalterol in 16 patients with severe congestive heart failure (NYHA class III or IV) [1].
• These results show that prolonged therapy with prenalterol does not improve hemodynamics or exercise tolerance and is associated with a diminished heart rate response to exercise [7].
• Previous to and 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months after continuous oral intake of 40 to 120 mg prenalterol a day, catheterization of the right heart combined with an ergometer test was carried out; M mode and two dimensional echocardiograms as well as systolic time intervals were also recorded [1].
• We conclude that prenalterol infusion augments myocardial contractility, reduces systemic vascular resistance, and stimulates insulin release and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Prenalterol

• The present findings show that right atria obtained from rats in an early stage of sepsis were supersensitive to the chronotropic actions of the beta-agonists, isoproterenol (ISO), fenoterol (FEN) and prenalterol (PREN) [9].
• A case of severe amitriptyline poisoning with grade IV coma, seizures, bradycardia and hypotension who did not respond to dopamine was successfully treated with prenalterol, a new cardioselective beta-agonist [10].
• Salbutamol, a beta-2 agonist, induced a dose-dependent tachycardia and a significant inhibition of gastric tone whereas prenalterol, a beta-1 agonist, induced tachycardia without any significant influence on gastric basal tone [11].
• Bradycardia, hypotension, and oliguria followed which were resistant to intravenous pacing and multiple pharmacologic interventions, including intravenous fluids, calcium, dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, prenalterol, and glucagon [12].
• Prenalterol in severe congestive heart failure. I. The immediate haemodynamic effects as compared to nitroglycerine [13].

Biological context of Prenalterol

• Eleven patients with severe left ventricular impairment (mean ejection fraction 24%) and moderate impairment of exercise tolerance underwent a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial of the orally administered beta-agonist prenalterol [7].
• It is concluded that improved left ventricular function following both intravenous and oral prenalterol may be associated with increased myocardial oxygen consumption, and serious adverse effects may occur during prenalterol therapy [3].
• The effects of the beta-1 adrenergic agonist prenalterol and the beta-2 adrenergic agonist terbutaline on oesophageal peristalsis were studied in nine healthy volunteers with pressures recorded in the proximal, middle, and distal oesophagus [14].
• Haemodynamic and cardiac metabolic effects of the new beta 1 agonist prenalterol in patients with cardiac failure [15].
• We examined the hemodynamic effects and kinetics of prenalterol, a new beta-adrenoceptor agonist, in 10 normal subjects [16].

Anatomical context of Prenalterol

• Prenalterol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, was given to nine patients with angiographically proved coronary artery disease [17].
• In conclusion, prenalterol increased sinus node automaticity and atrial and AV nodal conductivity, but did not improve infranodal conduction [4].
• Prenalterol, an allegedly beta 1-selective adrenergic agonist with high intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), was shown to be weakly lipolytic in rat adipocytes [18].
• To assess the role of the renal baroreceptor pathway to renin release after PNL, a suprarenal clamp was used to maintain a constant renal perfusion pressure during PNL infusion in a third group of dogs [19].
• Effects of prenalterol on beta adrenergic responsiveness and receptors in the cerebral cortex of the rat [20].

Associations of Prenalterol with other chemical compounds

• At a concentration less than its low affinity (beta 2) Kl, betaxolol, a highly selective beta 1-antagonist, inhibited isoproterenol (non-selective agonist), denopamine, and prenalterol stimulation of AC, indicating that isoproterenol, denopamine, and prenalterol are all capable of stimulating AC through beta 1-receptor activation [21].
• Salbutamol was selective for the beta 2-receptor and prenalterol was active at both [22].
• 2 Desipramine, (+/-)-clenbuterol, prenalterol, corwin (20 mg kg-1 daily) and corwin (10 mg kg-1 daily) were administered to male, Sprague-Dawley rats, over eight days, by means of osmotic Alzet pumps placed subcutaneously and removed 24 h before analysis [23].
• Isoproterenol and procaterol decreased subtetanic soleus muscle contractions equally, whereas prenalterol was devoid of effect in skeletal muscle [24].
• Clenbuterol and prenalterol, unlike most beta adrenergic agonists, penetrate into the central nervous system after peripheral administration [25].

Gene context of Prenalterol

• The responses to prenalterol and salbutamol were inhibited by propranolol at relatively low concentrations, suggesting their effects were mediated by beta 1AR and beta 2AR, respectively [26].
• No significant beta 1-adrenoceptor-mediated bronchodilator effect of prenalterol could be demonstrated [27].
• The bronchial effects of prenalterol, a selective inotropic beta-adrenoceptor agonist, were examined to see whether beta 1-adrenoceptor stimulation would produce bronchodilatation, or whether beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade could be demonstrated [27].
• Pretreatment with 6-hydroxy-dopamine induced an upregulation of the beta 1-adrenoceptor density but a decrease in the total efficacy of prenalterol [28].
• On the basis of the present data, prenalterol may be characterized as a nonselective beta adrenoceptor ligand with beta-1 adrenoceptor partial agonistic activity [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Prenalterol

• Systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of prenalterol, a beta-1 receptor agonist, were determined in patients with chronic congestive heart failure, initially after intravenous administration (10 patients) and then after oral administration (eight patients) [3].
• The hemodynamic effects of an acute infusion of prenalterol (PN), a new inotropic beta-adrenoceptor agonist, have been evaluated by cardiac catheterization in 10 patients with primary dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy [29].
• Prenalterol, a beta 1 selective agonist, exerts a positive inotropic action in animal studies as well as in human volunteers and is effective when administered orally [15].
• Sino-aortic denervation (SAD) caused about a 3-fold decrease in potency and about a 60% decrease in maximal response for a low efficacy agonist, prenalterol [30].
• The activity of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, prenalterol, at beta adrenoceptors in the cerebral cortex of the rat and the effect of chronic intraperitoneal infusion of prenalterol on the biochemical responsiveness and density of cerebral cortical beta adrenoceptors was studied [20].

References