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Chemical Compound Review

barbital     5,5-diethyl-1,3-diazinane- 2,4,6-trione

Synonyms: Barbitone, Dormileno, Medinal, Veronal, Diemal, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of Veronal

 

Psychiatry related information on Veronal

  • Seventy-two hospitalized patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms were treated with either carbamazepine (Tegretol) or barbital ( Diemal ) in a randomized, double-blind trial [6].
  • It is proposed that the rat atrial preparation may provide a suitable model system for the study of barbitone dependence in the rat, especially in relation to Ca2+-dependent mechanisms, and that selective calcium antagonists may prove helpful in the management of barbiturate and similar types of drug dependence [7].
 

High impact information on Veronal

 

Chemical compound and disease context of Veronal

 

Biological context of Veronal

  • Therefore we examined the reactivity of several types of guinea-pig serum (GPS) on PG-liposomes and determined that all GPS except that from specific pathogen-free (SPF) Hartley guinea-pigs had lytic capacity in Mg-EGTA-GVB (gelatin veronal-buffered saline containing Mg++ and ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetate) [15].
  • The sediment, when suspended in Veronal buffer, pH 7.4, does not aggregate GFP, however, addition of plasma heated at 56 degrees C restores the platelet aggregation response [16].
  • The lack of ternary complex formation, combined with the significant differences in the binding of barbitone provides some experimental proof of the proposal that the hydroxyl group on the active site tyrosine is essential for substrate binding in addition to its major role in catalysis [17].
  • Mast cells in the uterus (myometrium, endometrium, and mesometrial triangle) and ear skin were examined at 0 hours (virgin, estrus) and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours postcoitum (p.c.). The stain used was 0.06% toluidine blue in 0.12 M Michaelis's veronal acetate-hydrochloric acid buffer at pH 4 [18].
  • In immunodiffussion systems, the reaction was specific for each species using saline solution of phosphate butter solution, while using an agarose veronal system, the cross reactions were very evident [19].
 

Anatomical context of Veronal

  • In 0.1 M KCl-0.02 M Mg2+-0.05 M Veronal at 10 degrees the methionyl-l amino terminus has a pKa of 7.5 and is exposed on the surface of the ribosome [20].
  • Tanned erythrocytes (TE) coated with CoVF (TECoVF) were efficiently hemolyzed by guinea pig serum l(GPS) and/or rabbit serum (RabS) in Mg2+-EGTA-GVB (gelatin veronal-buffered saline containing 2 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetate) [21].
  • Veronal buffer solutions corresponding to the pH of successive segments of the chicken digestive tract were prepared [22].
  • Veronal administration inhibited 50% BuChE activity in whole brain, cortex and hippocampus; concomitantly cortex mAChR was 30% reduced [23].
  • Tissues were fixed in Helly's solution, and mast cells were stained using 0.06% toluidine blue in 0.12 M Michaelis' veronal acetate-hydrochloric acid buffer, pH 4 [24].
 

Associations of Veronal with other chemical compounds

 

Gene context of Veronal

  • The mutant binds cofactor (both oxidized and reduced) more tightly but shows a complete lack of binding of the aldehyde reductase inhibitor barbitone as determined by fluorescence titrations [17].
  • The mutant binds cofactor (both oxidized and reduced) more tightly than the wild-type enzyme but shows a complete lack of binding of the aldehyde reductase inhibitor barbitone, as determined by fluorescence titrations [30].
  • Influence of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor FLA 63 on the disposition of barbitone in the mouse [31].
  • Barbitone is an effective inducer of the drug-metabolizing enzymes, yet does not interact spectrally with cytochrome P-450; this is in accord with the observations that although there are increases in NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome b5, following administration of barbitone there is no increase in cytochrome P-450 [32].
  • 4. The induction level of cyt P-450 after veronal administration was nearly the same in liver of both TBM and NM [33].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Veronal

  • These included a 19.5-kDa antigen which was previously shown to be specific by Western blotting (immunoblotting), a crude cell extract, a veronal extract, a 39.0-kDa antigen, and an immunoaffinity-purified antigen [34].
  • METHODS: The London ELISA method is based on barbitone buffer and the commercially available SMI35 capture antibody [35].
  • No artefacts were produced when the same buffer was used for both pre- and postfixation, or when the postfixative contained Veronal buffer [36].
  • Cathodal moving protein components were identified in agarose gel electrophoresis of the Veronal buffer extract of a non-motile strain of S. typhi (8393, Colindale) [37].
  • The charge and charge heterogeneity of FSH, LH and TSH in 63 extracts of individual human pituitaries were investigated by use of zone electrophoresis in 0.17% agarose suspension in veronal buffer at pH 8.6 followed by hormone analyses by radioimmunoassay [38].

References

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  2. Determination of serum bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli by an automated photometric method. Crokaert, F., Lismont, M.J., van der Linden, M.P., Yourassowsky, E. J. Clin. Microbiol. (1988) [Pubmed]
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  6. Treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms in hospitalized patients. A randomized, double-blind comparison of carbamazepine (Tegretol) and barbital (Diemal). Flygenring, J., Hansen, J., Holst, B., Petersen, E., Sørensen, A. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. (1984) [Pubmed]
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  11. Chemical characterization of circulating porcine ileal polypeptide in plasma from normal adult pigs. Wider, M.D., Duhaime, P.M., Weisman, R.L. Endocrinology (1986) [Pubmed]
  12. The effects of hepes buffer on clotting tests, assay of factors V and VIII and on the hydrolysis of esters by thrombin and thrombokinase. Roberts, P.S., Hughes, H.N., Fleming, P.B. Thromb. Haemost. (1976) [Pubmed]
  13. Antigenic analysis of Barber's protein antigen prepared from Salmonella typhi and demonstration of protein-specific antibodies in sera of typhoid patients. Tsang, R.S., Lui, S.W., Chau, P.Y. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. 1. Abt. Originale A, Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektionskrankheiten und Parasitologie = International journal of microbiology and hygiene. A, Medical microbiology, infectiousdiseases, para... (1983) [Pubmed]
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  15. Activation of the alternative complement pathway by natural antibody to glycolipids in guinea-pig serum. Okada, N., Yasuda, T., Tsumita, T., Okada, H. Immunology (1983) [Pubmed]
  16. Plasma requirement for the aggregation of rabbit platelets by an aggregating material derived from SV40-transformed 3T3 fibroblasts. Karpatkin, S., Smerling, A., Pearlstein, E. J. Lab. Clin. Med. (1980) [Pubmed]
  17. The crystal structure of an aldehyde reductase Y50F mutant-NADP complex and its implications for substrate binding. Ye, Q., Hyndman, D., Green, N.C., Li, L., Jia, Z., Flynn, T.G. Chem. Biol. Interact. (2001) [Pubmed]
  18. Observations on uterine mast cells during early pregnancy in the vole, Microtus agrestis. Brandon, J.M., Evans, J.E. Anat. Rec. (1984) [Pubmed]
  19. Antigens from Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. I. Immunological comparative studies from polysaccharide-protein complexes of both fungi. Reyes-Montes, M.R., Martínez, A., Toriello, C., Taylor, M.L. Mycopathologia (1982) [Pubmed]
  20. A chemical approach to the fine structure of biomolecular complexes: the amino terminal region of the 50S ribosomal "A" protein from Bacillus stearothermophilus. Visentin, L.P., Kaplan, H. Biochemistry (1975) [Pubmed]
  21. Hemolysis by the complement of tanned erythrocytes coated with cobra venom factor: a sensitive method to detect the alternative complement pathway activity of serum. Okada, H., Tanaka, H. J. Immunol. Methods (1981) [Pubmed]
  22. Reduction of Campylobacter jejuni in a simulated chicken digestive tract by Lactobacilli cultures. Chang, M.H., Chen, T.C. J. Food Prot. (2000) [Pubmed]
  23. The effects of some porphyrinogenic drugs on the brain cholinergic system. Rodriguez, J.A., Buzaleh, A.M., Fossati, M., Azcurra, J., Batlle, A.M. Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand) (2002) [Pubmed]
  24. Changes in uterine mast cells during the estrous cycle in the Syrian hamster. Brandon, J.M., Evans, J.E. Am. J. Anat. (1983) [Pubmed]
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  28. An improved hemagglutination test for study of canine parvovirus. Senda, M., Hirayama, N., Yamamoto, H., Kurata, K. Vet. Microbiol. (1986) [Pubmed]
  29. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of three barbiturates in pork by ion trap gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) following microwave assisted derivatization. Zhao, H., Wang, L., Qiu, Y., Zhou, Z., Zhong, W., Li, X. Anal. Chim. Acta (2007) [Pubmed]
  30. Crystal structure of an aldehyde reductase Y50F mutant-NADP complex and its implications for substrate binding. Ye, Q., Hyndman, D., Green, N., Li, X., Korithoski, B., Jia, Z., Flynn, T.G. Proteins (2001) [Pubmed]
  31. Influence of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor FLA 63 on the disposition of barbitone in the mouse. Sharkawi, M. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (1979) [Pubmed]
  32. Mechanism of induction of hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes by a series of barbiturates. Ioannides, C., Parke, D.V. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (1975) [Pubmed]
  33. Heme regulation in mouse mammary carcinoma and liver of tumor bearing mice--I. Effect of allyl-isopropylacetamide and veronal on delta-aminolevulinate synthetase, cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome oxidase. Navone, N.M., Polo, C.F., Dinger, R.M., Batlle, A.M. Int. J. Biochem. (1990) [Pubmed]
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