Disease relevance of Thiomebumal

• Thiopental-related immune hemolytic anemia and renal failure. Specific involvement of red-cell antigen I [1].
• Based on data which suggest that barbiturates can be of value in controlling the intracranial hypertension of head injury, intravenous thiopental was assessed in 13 patients with fulminant hepatic failure [2].
• Thiopental infusion in the treatment of intracranial hypertension complicating fulminant hepatic failure [2].
• Infusion rates for atracurium were calculated from multiple bolus injection data for normothermic (38 degrees C; n = 4) and hyperthermic (42 degrees C; n = 14) dogs anesthetized with thiopental and oxymorphone while undergoing whole-body hyperthermia treatment [3].
• We have examined how thiopental alters histological, physiological, and biochemical changes during and after hypoxia [4].

Psychiatry related information on Thiomebumal

• Loss of high-frequency brain electrical response to thiopental administration in Alzheimer's-type dementia [5].
• Driving performances remained significantly (P less than 0.05) worse than in a control group for 6 hours after thiopental and for 8 hours after methohexital, and reaction times 8 hours after thiopental remained worse than in the control subjects [6].
• BACKGROUND: During ambulatory surgery, barbiturates, such as thiopental, may impair psychomotor performance several hours after administration [7].
• Transmission through the dorsal spinocerebellar and spinoreticular tracts: wakefulness versus thiopental anesthesia [8].
• Anterograde, not retrograde, amnesia after thiopental [9].

High impact information on Thiomebumal

• This study examined firing patterns of single-fiber carotid baroreceptors in response to slow ramp increases in carotid sinus pressure (1-2 mm Hg/sec) in vascularly isolated carotid sinus preparations in thiopental-anesthetized dogs (25 mg/kg, plus 10 mg/kg/hr) [10].
• The dosage of thiopental was adjusted incrementally until intracranial pressure, measured by extradural transducers, fell to within normal limits or adverse hemodynamic changes occurred [2].
• Clinically relevant concentrations of thiopental (50--70 microM), propofol (5--10 microM) or isoflurane (0.7--2.1 vol%, 0.5--1.5 rat minimum aveolar concentration (MAC), 200--700 microM) evoked delta slow wave activity and burst suppression EEG patterns similar to in vivo responses [11].
• METHODS: Thiopental-anesthetized, open-chest pigs were subjected to mechanical injury of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by a 48-min occlusion and 2 (n = 20) or 4 (n = 16) h of reperfusion [12].
• High-dose thiopental in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus in intensive care unit [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Thiomebumal

• The hyperemia in thiopental treated monkeys coincided with an increase in CMRG without a proportional increase in CMRO2 or lactate levels [14].
• Psychomotor performance remained significantly worse (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.001) compared to control for 1 h after propofol and for 5 h after thiopental anesthesia [15].
• Hypoxemia was exhibited during the course of rigidity by both spontaneously ventilating and ketamine-anesthetized rats, but not by thiopental-anesthetized animals [16].
• The changes induced in the direct-current potential in the hippocampal CA1 area by forebrain ischemia were compared in animals anesthetized with halothane and those given thiopental [17].
• Fentanyl-induced muscle rigidity in unanesthetized and ketamine- or thiopental-anesthetized rats [16].

Biological context of Thiomebumal

• Population pharmacokinetics of high-dose thiopental in patients with cerebral injuries [18].
• Thiopental reduced both mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure in both groups [19].
• Decreased protein binding and thiopental kinetics [20].
• Blocking effect of diltiazem on thiopentone-induced vasoconstriction in isolated canine internal carotid arteries [21].
• There was improved recovery of the resting potential after 10 minutes of hypoxia in slices treated with thiopental (89% versus 31% recovery) [4].

Anatomical context of Thiomebumal

• These effects may explain the reduced histological, protein synthetic, and electrophysiological damage to CA1 pyramidal cells after hypoxia with thiopental [4].
• It is suggested that the constriction induced by thiopentone may be due in part to activation of the calcium-inward channel in the wall of the internal carotid artery [21].
• In both polyclonal lectin stimulation and in vitro antibody production, thiopental exhibited a noncytotoxic suppression of lymphocyte functions [22].
• Catheterization of the portal vein and stereotaxic implantation of electrodes in the ventrolateral hypothalamus (VLH) were performed in normal rats after thiopental anesthesia [23].
• RESULTS: Infusion of VEGF165 in thiopental-anesthetized rats dose-dependently increased 125I albumin permeation in the retina, anterior uvea, and choroid/sclera and in brain, aorta, lung, kidney, small intestine, and peripheral nerve [24].

Associations of Thiomebumal with other chemical compounds

• METHODS: Sixteen thiopental-anesthetized, open-chest pigs, in whom platelets had been labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) on the previous day, were submitted to catheter-induced left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) injury followed by 55 min of CO and 5 h of reperfusion [25].
• There was a trend towards a reduction in the prolactin response with propofol compared to thiopentone, but this was dependent upon the diminished seizure duration [26].
• The patients were all premedicated with diazepam, and general anesthesia was induced with thiopental [27].
• The study population and an additional 35 subjects with a history of use of thiopental during anesthesia but without reactions were investigated by methods including thiopental skin test, succinylcholine skin test, and IgE RAST for antibodies to thiopental, succinylcholine, or latex [28].
• Barbiturates completly blocked alpha1G currents with potency [thiopental ( approximately 280 microM), pentobarbital ( approximately 310 microM), phenobarbital ( approximately 1.54 mM)] similar to that in DRG cells [29].

Gene context of Thiomebumal

• However, expression density of CD14 was reduced in the presence of thiopentone, etomidate, and propofol, whereas HLA-DR was unaffected [30].
• Decreased IFN gamma (p < 0.001) and IL-4 concentrations (p < 0.01) were found in the presence of thiopentone, but IL-2 production was unaffected [31].
• Thiopental, unlike the other barbiturates, only reduced ras and JNK activity upon direct CD3/CD28 receptor engagement [32].
• Increasing the dose of thiopentone caused a further increase in PRL concentration which indicated a direct stimulatory action of thiopentone on PRL release [33].
• Thiopental inhibited TNF-alpha production induced by LPS in A-172 cells [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Thiomebumal

• The relative response of EEG background activity to thiopental at different frequencies may assist lesion characterization as well as localization [35].
• The intracranial pressure was reduced, in each case, by 185 to 500 mg (median: 250 mg) thiopental given over 15 min, and in eight cases continuing infusion achieved stable normal intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure [2].
• The dispositions of concomitantly administered indocyanine green (ICG) and thiopental were determined in 12 patients undergoing general anesthesia and surgery [36].
• Stainless-steel cannulas were inserted into isolated internal carotid arteries of the dog to observe vasoconstrictor responses to thiopentone [21].
• The one control subject with a positive thiopental RAST also was the only control subject with a positive thiopental skin test [28].

References